Jump to content

MACman

Members
  • Posts

    5
  • Joined

  • Last visited

Reputation

25 Excellent

Profile Information

  • About me
    Bottle Rocketeer
  1. Information from the CD "History and aircraft Mikoyan design bureau" EPOS (105-11) Item 105-11 is a flight-capable version of experimental manned space aircraft (EMSA, EPOS in Russian) which was under development in Mikoyan design bureau as a part of the Spiral programme (object #50, later - object #105-205) approved and ordered for implementation by the Ministry of Aircraft Industry in July 30, 1965. In late 1965, the Communist Party's Central Committee and the USSR Council of Ministers issued a resolution concerning the development of the Aerial-Orbital System (VOS in Russian): the Spiral experimental complex of the manned space aircraft included a shuttle space aircraft (item 105) and shuttle launcher aircraft (item 205) intended for the orbit shot of the shuttle. The Tupolev-developed hypersonic booster aircraft (HBA) was supposed to accelerate the aerospaceplane to Mach 6, after which the VOS aerospaceplane would be launched off the HBA to be delivered to orbit by a booster rocket. First, a decision was made to develop an experimental manned aerospaceplane designated EPOS that would have been launched to the orbit by the R-7 rocket. For re-entry and pre-landing manoeuvres, item 105, unlike landing modules of conventional spacecraft, had an aircraft architecture, namely - tailless load-bearing fuselage with low-mounted delta wing whose wing panels were turned upwards, vertical control surfaces and standard controls (ailerons, rudder), landing gear and traditional "aircraft" turbojet engine RD36-35K producing 2,000 kgf thrust. For aircraft control at hypersonic and supersonic speeds in orbit and atmosphere the shuttle had gas-dynamic control modules (compact liquid-propellant engines combined into two units, each containing three nozzles producing 16 kgf thrust and five nozzles producing 1 kgf thrust) while for manoeuvre in orbit or during re-entry the aircraft had liquid-propellant engine with 1,500 kgf thrust and two additional chambers, each producing 40 kgf thrust. All engines were located in the aft of the fuselage. To protect the fuselage against thermodynamic overheat during re-entry, a steel heat-resistant shield was provided. The cockpit was made of steel with heat insulation coating in a form of a rescueable pressurised capsule which could be blasted off in case of emergency. Development of the preliminary design for the Spiral project commenced in 1965, in 1966 preparation of conceptual design started. At the same time in 1966 a decision was made to build item 105-11, an analogue of the EMSA (with turbojet engine but without gas-dynamic controls) for atmospheric tests of the aircraft at subsonic speeds which was to be launched from aboard Tu-95KM appropriately refitted to serve the purpose. Development of the mentioned above analogue started in 1968 and at the same time, on the Kuybyshev (nowadays Samara) Aircraft Plant refitting of the Tu-95KM bomber # 2667 allocated by the Air Force into experimental shuttle launcher was initiated. It was expected that later on the testing program would be joined by two other analogues of the EMSA - item 105-12 and 105-13, both with liquid-propellant engines and capable of supersonic and hypersonic speeds respectively. In order to test RD36-35K jet engine starting at high altitudes a special flying laboratory L-18, based on K-10S missile and Tu-16K-10 bomber as a launcher aircraft was developed. The programme's general guidance was performed by G.Ye. Lozino-Lozinsky. In 1970 all work regarding development of the EMSA analogues were dismissed from the Zenith Mechanical Plant and assigned to the Raduga Mechanical Plant in Dubna. To run the programme, a 150-strong team was set up having been manned by the Dubna affiliate with the OKB-155-1 having branched off and turned into an independent Raduga organisation. In 1971 assembly work of the aircraft 105-11 # 1-01 was completed in the Raduga Plant. In 1972 manufacture of the 105-12 analogue and assembling of experimental batch (5 items) of "0" series products (# 001 - 005) was launched. Aircraft # 001 was intended for static tests, # 002 - for life saving equipment testing, # 003 and # 004 - for optimisation of the liquid propellant engines and gas-dynamic controls, # 005 - for heat resistance and material strength testing. Aircraft # 002 was ready for tests in 1971, # 005 - in 1973, # 001 and # 003 - in 1974. Besides, in 1971 testing program carried out under the Spiral project was joined by scale 1:3 and 1:2 EMSA models manufactured by LII Institute and code-named Bor. Assembling of the 105-11 analogue was completed in 1974 and in 1975 this aircraft was moved to the Science and Research Institute of the Air Force in Ahktubinsk where pre-flight preparations of the aircraft began. The 105-11 analogue was equipped with wheel-base landing gear (instead of standard ski gear). In 1976 the aircraft made 15 test runs and 10 hops ( for the first time - in July 20). Finally, in October 11, 1976, Aviard Fastovets, a test pilot of the Mikoyan Mechanical Plant, took the 105-11 aircraft for the first flight and flied from one unpaved airfield to the other. 19 km long flight was maintained at 560 m above the ground level. In 1977 the Institute proceeded with flight tests with the aircraft including launching from aboard the Tu-95KM. The first airborne disengagement from the Tu-95KM launcher at the altitude of 5,000 m, controlled flight with powered turbojet engine and airfield landing was accomplished by Fastovets on October 27, 1977. Total amount of similar flights is 8. In order to proceed to the second stage of the testing program, a wheel-based landing gear of the aircraft was replaced with ski gear. In 1978 flight tests of item 105-11 at subsonic speeds intended to establish aircraft performance during disengagement from the launcher came to the end. During the last test flight in 1978 the aircraft suffered some damage during landing. By the end of the tests, an independent Molniya design bureau had been established, which immediately joined the programme. In 1976 the USSR started a Buran Space Aircraft Programme aimed at the development of the conceptually new aircraft. By 1979 any work related to the Spiral Project and item 105 were terminated. Nevertheless, all efforts and experience gathered when working on the Spiral project was not in vain and was widely used when developing Energy-Buran multipurpose spacecraft system, the first time (unfortunately, at the same time it was the last start) launched in November 15, 1988. Technical Description of Item 105-11 Airframe configuration and design: the space aircraft was built using tailless scheme with load-bearing airframe, low-mounted delta wing, single-fin tail unit, single aft-located engine and four-wheel landing gear. The load-bearing fuselage in planform view is arrow-shaped (78o sweep angle). Cross-section of the fuselage has rounded upper part and virtually flat bottom. The fuselage is comprised of 4 segments: 1) nose equipment section and cockpit, 2) framework with longerons and main frames, 3) sheathing panels with air intakes for turbojet engine, 4) bottom heat-resistant shield. The framework is considered the main part of the fuselage. The framework with longerons and frames is a welded three-dimensional load-bearing structure made of VNS-2 steel. The framework scheme was selected in order to provide maximum space for installation of engine, fuel tanks and equipment and ensure minimal heat stresses. The lower mid-section of the fuselage is used for a fuel tank-compartment which is an integral part of the load-bearing frame. The aft section of the fuselage contains the turbojet engine. Air intake of this engine has shutters operable in the "engine on" mode. Nose section containing cockpit and equipment is a standard welded structure made of VNS-2 sheet steel bolted to the framework with explosive bolts, thus creating a rescueable capsule. Panels and air intake of the turbojet engine are standard structural elements made of duralumin. The panels intended to cover the framework are bolted to it. The heat resistant shield is installed in the bottom of the framework and provides framework protection against thermodynamic heat. In addition, the shield composes the main load-bearing surface of the fuselage. The shield is a welded structure made of VNS-2 sheet steel with a set of contact-welded shapes, angles and bars. Inner side of the shield has a heat insulating coating. Shield mounting on the framework is provided through 110 free-oriented holders. In case of non-uniform heating such approach ensures expansion/contraction movement of the shield in all directions without heat stresses. Detachable panels include escape hatch, equipment and engine access doors and side panels. The outer wings have 55o sweepback angle at the leading edge. Outer wings are attached to the fuselage but can be tilted upward by 30o depending on the flight mode. Wing tilting is provided through electric drive with worm gearing. For in-flight roll control the wing is supplied with ailerons. Vertical control surfaces include rudder and 1.7 m2 fin with 60o sweepback angle at the leading edge. The upper surface of the fuselage aft portion contain balancing upward-extendable flaps. The space aircraft has a flight control system typical of conventional aircraft - pedals and manually operated sticks and levers. The aircraft has a four-foot, retractable ski landing gear (for taking off the ground, the front struts were fitted with wheels early in the flight testing). The nose landing gear is retracted by turning backward into compartments in the side panels of the fuselage above the heat resistant shield. Landing gear extension is actuated by pneumatic system. Power plant of the 105-11 aircraft consists of RD36-35K engine producing 2,000 kgf thrust. Fuel tanks for the turbojet engine are located in the middle section of the fuselage. Avionics include a standard set of navigational instruments, indicators and devices, situated on the pilot's console in the cockpit. íßÞá (105-11) Ø÷ô.105-11 - ûõтýыù ðýðûþó ÑÂúÑÂÿõрøüõýтðûьýþóþ ÿøûþтøруõüþóþ þрñøтðûьýþóþ ÑÂðüþûõтð (íßÞá), ÑÂþ÷ôðòðòшõóþÑÂѠò ÞÃšÑ ÃÂ.ÃËœ.ÃœøúþÑÂýð ò рðüúðх ÿрþóрðüüы "áÿøрðûь" (тõüð 50, ÿþ÷ôýõõ - 105-205) ÿþ ßрøúð÷у ÃÅ“ÃÂß þт 30 øюûѠ1965 ó. Ã’ úþýцõ 1965 ó. òышûþ ÿþÑÂтðýþòûõýøõ æÃÅ¡ Úßáá ø áÃÅ“ áááàþ ÑÂþ÷ôðýøø Òþ÷ôушýþ - þрñøтðûьýþù ÑÂøÑÂтõüы (ÒÞá): íúÑÂÿõрøüõýтðûьýыù úþüÿûõúѠÿøûþтøруõüþóþ þрñøтðûьýþóþ ÑÂðüþûõтð "áÿøрðûь" òúûючðû ò ÑÂõñѠþôýþüõÑÂтýыù òþ÷ôушýþ-úþÑÂüøчõÑÂúøù ÑÂðüþûõт üýþóþрð÷þòþóþ øÑÂÿþûь÷þòðýøѠ(ø÷ô.105) ø ÑÂðüþûõт-рð÷óþýщøú (ø÷ô.205), Ѡñþртð úþтþрþóþ ôþûöõý ñыû ÿрþø÷òþôøтьÑÂѠ÷ðÿуÑÂú íßÞá ýð þрñøту. Óøÿõр÷òуúþòþù ÑÂðüþûõт - рð÷óþýщøú Óáàрð÷рðñþтúø ÞÃšÑ ÃÂ.ÃÂ.âуÿþûõòð ôþûöõý ñыû рð÷óþýÑÂÑ‚ÑŒ òþ÷ôушýþ-þрñøтðûьýыù ÑÂðüþûõт ôþ чøÑÂûð ÃÅ“=6, ôðûõõ ÒÞá ÑÂтðртþòðû ñы ÑÂþ ÑÂÿøýы Óáàø ôþрð÷óþýýþù рðúõтþù òыòþôøÃȄÂѠýð þрñøту. ßõрòþýðчðûьýþ ñыûþ рõшõýþ ÑÂþ÷ôðть ÑÂúÑÂÿõрøüõýтðûьýыù ÿøûþтøруõüыù þрñøтðûьýыù ÑÂðüþûõт íßÞá, òыòþôøüыù ýð þрñøту рðúõтþù à-7. Ãâ€Ã»Ñ Ã²Ã¾Ã·Ã²Ñ€Ã°Ñ‰ÃµÃ½Ã¸Ñ Ã½Ã° ×õüûю ø ÑÂþòõршõýøѠÿрõôÿþÑÂðôþчýþóþ üðýõòрð, ò þтûøчøõ þт ÑÂÿуÑÂúðõüых ðÿÿðрðтþò úþÑÂüøчõÑÂúøх úþрðñûõù, ø÷ô.105 øüõûþ "ÑÂðüþûõтýую" úþüÿþýþòúу - þýþ òыÿþûýÑÂûþÑÂÑŒ ÿþ ÑÂхõüõ ýø÷úþÿûðýð - "ñõÑÂхòþÑÂтúø" øýтõóрðûьýþù ÑÂхõüы Ñ Ñ‚Ñ€Ã楟óþûьýыü úрыûþü, úþýÑÂþûø úþтþрþóþ øüõûø ÷ýðчøтõûьýыù уóþû ÿþÿõрõчýþóþ V, ýõÑÂущøü фю÷õÃȄÂöõü Ѡ÷ðúруóûõýýыü ýþÑÂúþü, òõртøúðûьýыü þÿõрõýøõü ø þñычýыüø þрóðýðüø уÿрðòûõýøѠ(ÑÂûõрþýы, руûь ýðÿрðòûõýøÑÂ), øüõûþ трðôøцøþýýыù "ÑÂðüþûõтýыù" турñþрõðúтøòýыù ôòøóðтõûь àÃâ€36-35ÃÅ¡ Ñ‚ÑÂóþù 2000 úóѠø шðÑÂÑÂø. Ãâ€Ã»Ñ ÑƒÃ¿Ñ€Ã°Ã²Ã»ÃµÃ½Ã¸Ñ ÑÂðüþûõтþü ýð þрñøтõ ø ò ðтüþÑÂфõрõ ýð óøÿõр÷òуúþòых ø ÑÂòõрх÷òуúþòых ÑÂúþрþÑÂÑ‚ÑÂÑ… øüõûøÑÂÑŒ üþôуûø óð÷þôøýðüøчõÑÂúþóþ уÿрðòûõýøѠ(üðûþрð÷üõрýыõ öøôúþÑÂтýþ-рõðúтøòýыõ ôòøóðтõûø ò ôòух ñûþúðх ÿþ трø ÑÂþÿûð Ñ‚ÑÂóþù 16 úóѠø ÿÑÂÑ‚ÑŒ ÑÂþÿõû Ñ‚ÑÂóþù 1 úóÑÂ), ð ôûѠüðýõòрþò ýð þрñøтõ ø ÑÂхþôð Ѡýõõ - ÖàÆтÑÂóþù 1500 úóѠѠôòуüѠôþÿþûýøтõûьýыüø úðüõрðüø Ñ‚ÑÂóþù ÿþ 40 úóÑÂ. Ã’ÑÂõ ôòøóðтõûø рð÷üõщðûøÑÂÑŒ ò хòþÑÂтþòþù чðÑÂтø фю÷õÃȄÂöð. Ãâ€Ã»Ñ Ã·Ã°Ñ‰Ã¸Ñ‚Ñ‹ фю÷õÃȄÂöð þт тõрüþôøýðüøчõÑÂúþóþ ýðóрõòð ÿрø òхþôõ ò ðтüþÑÂфõру ò úþýÑÂтруúцøø ñыû ÿрõôуÑÂüþтрõý ÑÂтðûьýþù тõрüþÑÂтþùúøù ÑÂúрðý. Úðñøýð ûõтчøúð òыÿþûýÑÂûðÑÂÑŒ ò òøôõ ÑÂÿðÑÂðõüþù (þтÑÂтрõûøòðõüþù) ò ðòðрøùýþù ÑÂøтуðцøø óõрüõтøчýþù üõтðûûøчõÑÂúþù úðÿÑÂуûы, ÿþúрытþù ÑÂûþõü тõÿûþø÷þÃȄÂцøø. àð÷рðñþтúð ðòðýÿрþõúтð ÑÂøÑÂтõüы "áÿøрðûь" ýðчðûðÑÂÑŒ ò 1965 ó., ò ÑÂûõôующõü óþôу ÿрøÑÂтуÿøûø ú рð÷рðñþтúõ ÑÂÑÂúø÷ýþóþ ÿрþõúтð. Þôýþòрõüõýýþ ò 1966 ó. ñыûþ ÿрøýÑÂтþ рõшõýøõ þ ÿþÑÂтрþùúõ ðýðûþóð íßÞá - ø÷ô.105-11 (ѠâàÃâ€, ýþ ñõ÷ ÖàÆø óð÷þôøýðüøчõÑÂúþóþ уÿрðòûõýøÑÂ) ôûѠðтüþÑÂфõрýых øÑÂÿытðýøù ðÿÿðрðтð ýð ôþ÷òуúþòых ÑÂúþрþÑÂÑ‚ÑÂÑ… ÿрø ÑÂñрþÑÂõ õóþ Ñ ÑÂþþтòõтÑÂтòующøü þñрð÷þü ÿõрõþñþруôþòðýýþóþ ÑÂðüþûõтð âу-95ÃÅ¡ÃÅ“. ÃÅ¡ ÿþÑÂтрþùúõ ðýðûþóð ÿрøÑÂтуÿøûø ò 1968 ó., ÿðрðûûõûьýþ ýð ðòøðцøþýýþü ÷ðòþôõ ò Úуùñышõòõ (áðüðрõ) ýðчðûþÑÂÑŒ ÿõрõþñþруôþòðýøõ òыôõûõýýþóþ ÒÒá ñþüñðрôøрþòщøúð âу-95ÃÅ¡ÃÅ“ â„– 2667 ò ÑÂúÑÂÿõрøüõýтðûьýыù ÑÂðüþûõт-ýþÑÂøтõûь. ßþ÷ôýõõ ú øÑÂÿытðýøÑÂü ÿûðýøрþòðûþÑÂÑŒ ÿþôúûючøть ôòð ôруóøх ðýðûþóð íßÞá, тõÿõрь уöõ ѠÖàÃâ€, - ø÷ô.105-12 ø 105-13, úþтþрыõ üþóûø ñы ÑÂþòõршðть ÿþûõт ÑÂþ ÑÂòõрх÷òуúþòыüø ø óøÿõр÷òуúþòыüø ÑÂúþрþÑÂÑ‚ÑÂüø ÑÂþþтòõтÑÂтòõýýþ. Ãâ€Ã»Ñ Ã¾Ñ‚рðñþтúø òыÑÂþтýþóþ ÷ðÿуÑÂúð турñþрõðúтøòýþóþ ôòøóðтõûѠàÃâ€36-35ÃÅ¡ ñыûð ÑÂþ÷ôðýð ûõтðющðѠûðñþрðтþрøѠÛ-18 ýð ñð÷õ рðúõты ÃÅ¡-10á ø ÑÂðüþûõтð-ýþÑÂøтõûѠâу-16ÃÅ¡-10. Þñщõõ руúþòþôÑÂтòþ тõüþù þÑÂущõÑÂтòÃȄÂû Ó.Õ. Ûþ÷øýþ-Ûþ÷øýÑÂúøù. Ã’ 1970 ó. òÑÂõ рðñþты ÿþ ÿþÑÂтрþùúõ ðýðûþóþò íßÞá ñыûø ÿõрõôðýы Ñ ÃÅ“Ãœ× "×õýøт" ýð Ãâ€Ã‘ƒñýõýÑÂúøù üðшøýþÑÂтрþøтõûьýыù ÷ðòþô. Ãâ€Ã»Ñ Ñ€Ã°Ã±Ã¾Ñ‚ ÿþ тõüõ ø÷ ÑÂþÑÂтðòð фøûøðûð ò Ãâ€Ã‘ƒñýõ ÑÂþñрðûø óруÿÿу ò 150 чõûþòõú, ð ÞÚÑ-155-1 òыôõûøûø ò ÑÂðüþÑÂтþÑÂтõûьýую þрóðýø÷ðцøю, ýыýõ ø÷òõÑÂтýую úðú ÃÅ“ÃšÑ "àðôуóð". ×ôõÑÂÑŒ ÷ðòõршðûðÑÂÑŒ ÑÂñþрúð ø÷ô.105-11 â„– 1-01, ð ò 1971 ó. ýðчðûþÑÂÑŒ ø÷óþтþòûõýøõ ðýðûþóð 105-12, ð тðúöõ ÿÑÂтø ø÷ôõûøù ÑÂúÑÂÿõрøüõýтðûьýþù 0-ù ÿðртøø (â„– 001 - 005). ßõрòþõ ø÷ ýøх ÿрõôýð÷ýðчðûþÑÂÑŒ ôÃȄʄÂтðтøчõÑÂúøх øÑÂÿытðýøù, òтþрþõ - ôûѠøÑÂÿытðýøù ÑÂрõôÑÂтò ÑÂÿðÑÂõýøÑÂ, трõтьõ ø чõтòõртþõ - ôûѠþтрðñþтúø ÖàÆø óð÷þôøýðüøчõÑÂúþóþ уÿрðòûõýøÑÂ, ÿÑÂтþõ - ôûѠтõÿûþÿрþчýþÑÂтýых øÑÂÿытðýøù. Ø÷ôõûøõ â„– 002 ñыûþ ø÷óþтþòûõýþ ò 1971 ó., â„– 005 - ò 1973 ó., â„– 001 ø 003 - ò 1974 ó. Úрþüõ тþóþ, ò ÿрþóрðüüõ øÑÂÿытðýøù ÿþ ÿрþóрðüüõ "áÿøрðûь" Ñ 1971 ó. ÿрøýøüðûø учðÑÂтøõ ø÷óþтþòûõýýыõ ò ÛÃËœÃËœ ò üðÑÂштðñõ 1:3 ø 1:2 üþôõûø íßÞá, ÿþûучøòшøõ ýð÷òðýøõ "Ñþр". áñþрúð ÑÂðüþûõтð-ðýðûþóð 105-11 ÷ðòõршøûðÑÂÑŒ ò 1974 ó., ò ÑÂûõôующõü óþôу þý ñыû ÿõрõñð÷øрþòðý ò ÓÃÅ¡ ÃÂÃËœÃËœ ÒÒá ò ÃÂхтуñøýÑÂúõ, óôõ ýðчðûðÑÂÑŒ ÿþôóþтþòúð ú ûõтýыü øÑÂÿытðýøÑÂü. Ãâ€Ã»Ñ Ã¾Ã±ÃµÑÂÿõчõýøѠò÷ûõтð ø÷ô.105-11 ѠðÑÂрþôрþüð ûыöø ýð þÑÂýþòýых þÿþрðх шðÑÂÑÂø ÷ðüõýøûø ýð úþûõÑÂð. Ã’ 1976 ó. ýð ðÿÿðрðтõ ñыûþ òыÿþûýõýþ 15 ÿрþñõöõú ø 10 ÿþôûõтþò (ÿõрòыù - 20 øюÃȄÂ). ÃÂðúþýõц, 11 þúтÑÂñрѠ1976 ó. ûõтчøú-øÑÂÿытðтõûь ÃÅ“Ãœ× øü. ÃÂ.ÃËœ.ÃœøúþÑÂýð ÃÂ.Ó.äðÑÂтþòõцÿþôýÑÂû 105-11 ò òþ÷ôух, ÑÂþòõршøò ÿõрõûõт Ѡþôýþù óруýтþòþù Òßß ýð ôруóую. ßõрõûõт ÿрþтÑÂöõýýþÑÂтью 19 úü ÿрþхþôøû ýð òыÑÂþтõ 560 ü. Ã’ ÑÂûõôующõü óþôу ÿрøÑÂтуÿøûø ú ÿþûõтðü ýð ÿþôòõÑÂúõ у ÑÂðüþûõтð âу-95ÃÅ¡ÃÅ“. ßõрòыù þтцõÿ þт ýõóþ ò òþ÷ôухõ ýð òыÑÂþтõ 5000 ü, уÿрðòÃȄÂõüыù ÿþûõт Ѡрðñþтðющøü âàÆø ÿþÑÂðôúу ýð ðÑÂрþôрþü äðÑÂтþòõцòыÿþûýøû 27 þúтÑÂñрѠ1977 ó. Ã’ÑÂõóþ ñыûþ òыÿþûýõýþ 8 тðúøх ÿþûõтþò. ×ðтõü ôûѠÿрþòõôõýøѠòтþрþóþ ÑÂтðÿð øÑÂÿытðýøù ñыûð ÿрþø÷òõôõýð ÷ðüõýð úþûõÑÂýþóþ шðÑÂÑÂø ýð ûыöýþõ. Ã’ 1978 ó. ôþ÷òуúþòыõ ûõтýыõ øÑÂÿытðýøѠø÷ô.105-11 ÿþ þÿрõôõûõýøю ÛâÃÂ¥ ÿрø þтцõÿõ þт ÑÂðüþûõтð-ýþÑÂøтõûѠñыûø ÷ðòõршõýы. Ã’ ÿþÑÂûõôýõü ÿþûõтõ ò ÑÂõýтÑÂñрõ 1978 ó. ÑÂðüþûõт ñыû ÿþòрõöôõý ÿрø ÿþÑÂðôúõ. ÃÅ¡ úþýцу øÑÂÿытðýøù ñыûþ þрóðýø÷þòðýþ ÃÂßÞ "ÃœþûýøÑÂ", ÑÂтðòшõõ учðÑÂтýøúþü рðñþт.á 1976 ó. ò áááàрð÷òõрýуûþÑÂÑŒ ÿрþõúтøрþòðýøõ ÿрøýцøÿøðûьýþ øýþóþ тøÿð òþ÷ôушýþ-úþÑÂüøчõÑÂúþóþ ÑÂðüþûõтð - "Ñурðýð", ø ú 1979 ó. òÑÂõ рðñþты ÿþ тõüõ "áÿøрðûь" ø ø÷ô.105 ñыûø ÿрõúрðщõýы. âõü ýõ üõýõõ þÿыт ÑÂтøх øÑÂÑÂûõôþòðýøù ýõ ÿрþÿðû ôðрþü ø шøрþúþ øÑÂÿþûь÷þòðÃȄÂѠÿрø ÑÂþ÷ôðýøø уýøòõрÑÂðûьýþù рðúõтýþ-úþÑÂüøчõÑÂúþù ÑÂøÑÂтõüы "íýõрóøÑÂ-Ñурðý", ÿõрòыù (ø, ú ÑÂþöðûõýøю, õôøýÑÂтòõýýыù) úþÑÂüøчõÑÂúøù ÑÂтðрт úþтþрþù ÑÂþÑÂтþÑÂÃȄÂÑ 15 ýþÑÂñрѠ1988 ó. âõхýøчõÑÂúþõ þÿøÑÂðýøõ ø÷ô.105-11 Úþüÿþýþòúð ø úþýÑÂтруúцøÑÂ. ÃÂÿÿðрðт òыÿþûýõý ÿþ ÑÂхõüõ "ñõÑÂхòþÑÂтúð" ѠýõÑÂущøü úþрÿуÑÂþü, ýø÷úþрðÑÂÿþûþöõýýыü Ñ‚Ñ€Ã楟óþûьýыü úрыûþü, þôýþúøûõòыü þÿõрõýøõü, þôýøü ôòøóðтõûõü ò хòþÑÂтþòþù чðÑÂтø фю÷õÃȄÂöð ø чõтырõхþÿþрýыü шðÑÂÑÂø. ÃÂõÑÂущøù фю÷õÃȄÂö øüõõт ÑÂтрõûþòøôýую ò ÿûðýõ фþрüу (уóþû ÑÂтрõûþòøôýþÑÂтø 78þ) ø ÑÂõчõýøѠѠ÷ðúруóûõýýþù òõрхýõù ø ÿрðúтøчõÑÂúø ÿûþÑÂúþù ýøöýõù чðÑÂтью. äю÷õÃȄÂö ÑÂþÑÂтþøт ø÷ чõтырõх чðÑÂтõù: ýþÑÂþòþóþ þтÑÂõúð þñþруôþòðýøѠѠúðñøýþù, фõрüы Ѡрðüðüø, ÿðýõûõù Ѡòþ÷ôухþ÷ðñþрýøúþü âàÆø ýøöýõóþ тõÿûþÑÂтþùúþóþ ÑÂúрðýð. ÞÑÂýþòýþù чðÑÂтью фю÷õÃȄÂöð ÑÂòÃȄÂõтÑÂѠфõрüð. äõрüð Ѡрðüðüø - ÑÂøûþòðѠÿрþÑÂтрðýÑÂтòõýýðѠÑÂòðрýðѠúþýÑÂтруúцøѠø÷ ÑÂтðûø Ã’ÃÂá-2. äõрüõýýðѠúþýÑÂтруúцøѠòыñрðýð ø÷ уÑÂûþòøù þñõÑÂÿõчõýøѠüðúÑÂøüðûьýþóþ þñъõüð ôûѠрð÷üõщõýøѠôòøóðтõÃȄÂ, тþÿûøòð ø þñþруôþòðýøÑÂ, ð тðú öõ ò цõÃȄÂÑ… þñõÑÂÿõчõýøѠüøýøüðûьýых тõüÿõрðтурýых ýðÿрÑÂöõýøù. Ã’ ýøöýõù цõýтрðûьýþù чðÑÂтø рðÑÂÿþûþöõý тþÿûøòýыù ñðú-þтÑÂõú, úþтþрыù òхþôøт ò ÑÂøûþòую чðÑÂÑ‚ÑŒ фõрüы. Ã’ хòþÑÂтþòþù чðÑÂтø рð÷üõщõý âàÃâ€, òþ÷ôухþ÷ðñþрýøú úþтþрþóþ ÑÂýðñöõý þтúрыòðõüþù ÿрø рðñþтõ ôòøóðтõÃȄʄÂтòþрúþù. ÞтÑÂõú þñþруôþòðýøѠѠúðñøýþù - þñычýþù ÑÂòðрýþù úþýÑÂтруúцøø ø÷ ûøÑÂтþòþù ÑÂтðûø Ã’ÃÂá-2, ÑÂþõôøýÑÂõтÑÂѠѠфõрüþù ÿøрþñþûтðüø, þñрð÷уѠÑÂÿðÑÂðõüую úðÿÑÂуûу. ßðýõûø ø òþ÷ôухþ÷ðñþрýøú âàÆ- þñычýþù ôюрðûõòþù úþýÑÂтруúцøø, ÷ðúрыòðют фõрüу ø úрõÿÑÂÑ‚ÑÂѠú ýõù ýð ñþûтðх. íúрðý уÑÂтðýþòûõý ÑÂýø÷у фõрüы, ÷ðщøщðõт õõ þт тõрüþôøýðüøчõÑÂúþóþ ýðóрõòð ø ÑÂþ÷ôðõт þÑÂýþòýую ýõÑÂущую ÿþòõрхýþÑÂÑ‚ÑŒ. íúрðý - ÑÂòðрýðѠÿðýõûь ø÷ ûøÑÂтþòþù ÑÂтðûø Ã’ÃÂá-2 Ѡýðñþрþü ÿрþôþûьýых ø ÿþÿõрõчýых ÿрþфøûõù, ÿрøòðрõýýых úþýтðúтýþù ÑÂòðрúþù. á òýутрõýýõù ÑÂтþрþýы ÑÂúрðý ÿþúрыт тõрüþø÷þûøрующøü üðтõрøðûþü. íúрðý ÿþôòõшøòðõтÑÂѠú фõрüõ ýð 110 ÑÂòþñþôýþþрøõýтøрующøхÑÂѠтðýôõрðх, чтþ þñõÑÂÿõчøòðõт õóþ ôõфþрüðцøю ÿрø ýõрðòýþüõрýþü ýðóрõòõ òþ òÑÂõ ÑÂтþрþýы ñõ÷ ÿþÑÂòûõýøѠтõüÿõрðтурýых ýðÿрÑÂöõýøù. áъõüýыõ ÿðýõûø òúûючðют ÑÂтòþрúу ðòðрøùýþóþ ÿþúøôðýøѠúðñøýы, ûюúø ÿþôхþôþò ú þñþруôþòðýøю ø ôòøóðтõûю ø ñþúþòыõ ÿðýõûø. ÚþýÑÂþûø úрыûð øüõют уóþû ÑÂтрõûþòøôýþÑÂтø ÿþ ÿõрõôýõù úрþüúõ 55þ, úрõÿÑÂÑ‚ÑÂѠú фю÷õÃȄÂöу, ýþ üþóут ÿþòþрðчøòðтьÑÂѠýð уóþû ôþ 30þ òòõрх ò ÷ðòøÑÂøüþÑÂтø þт рõöøüð ÿþûõтð. ßрøòþô ÿþòþрþтð úþýÑÂþûõù úрыûð - ÑÂûõúтрøчõÑÂúøù ѠчõрòÑÂчýыü üõхðýø÷üþü. Úрыûþ ÑÂýðñöõýþ ÑÂûõрþýðüø ôûѠуÿрðòûõýøѠÿþ úрõýу. Òõртøúðûьýþõ þÿõрõýøõ òúûючðõт úøûь ÿûþщðôью 1.7 ü2 Ѡуóûþü ÑÂтрõûþòøôýþÑÂтø ÿþ ÿõрõôýõù úрþüúõ 60þ ø руûь ýðÿрðòûõýøÑÂ. ÃÂð òõрхýõù ÿþòõрхýþÑÂтø хòþÑÂтþòþù чðÑÂтø фю÷õÃȄÂöð рðÑÂÿþûþöõýы ñðûðýÑÂøрþòþчýыõ щøтúø, þтúûþýÑÂõüыõ òòõрх. áøÑÂтõüð уÿрðòûõýøѠÑÂðüþûõтþü - ручýðÑÂ, þт трðôøцøþýýþù ручúø ø ÿõôðûõù "ÑÂðüþûõтýþóþ" тøÿð. èðÑÂÑÂø - чõтырþхþÿþрýþõ, уñøрðõüþõ, ûыöýþõ (ôûѠò÷ûõтð Ѡ÷õüûø ò ýðчðûõ ûõтýых øÑÂÿытðýøù ýð ÿõрõôýøх þÿþрðх уÑÂтðýþòûõýы úþûõÑÂð). ßõрõôýøõ þÿþры уñøрðютÑÂѠÿþòþрþтþü ýð÷ðô ò ýøшø ñþúþòых ÿðýõûõù фю÷õÃȄÂöð òышõ тõÿûþ÷ðщøтýþóþ ÑÂúрðýð, хòþÑÂтþòыõ - ÷ð ÷ðôýøù þñрõ÷ фю÷õÃȄÂöð. ÒыÿуÑÂú шðÑÂÑÂø ÿрþø÷òþôøтÑÂѠѠÿþüþщью ÿýõòüþÑÂøÑÂтõüы. áøûþòðѠуÑÂтðýþòúð ÑÂðüþûõтð 105-11 ÑÂþÑÂтþøт ø÷ турñþрõðúтøòýþóþ ôòøóðтõûѠàÃâ€36-35ÃÅ¡ Ñ‚ÑÂóþù 2000 úóÑÂ. âþÿûøòþ ôûѠâàÆрð÷üõщðõтÑÂѠò ñðúõ ò ÑÂрõôýõù чðÑÂтø фю÷õÃȄÂöð. Þñþруôþòðýøõ ÑÂðüþûõтð òúûючðõт ÑÂтðýôðртýыù ýðñþр ÿøûþтðöýþ-ýðòøóðцøþýýых ÿрøñþрþò, рð÷üõщõýýых ýð ÿрøñþрýþù ôþÑÂúõ ò úðñøýõ ûõтчøúð.
  2. Hi Beale! Once started such changes Soyuz / Progress, by the way superb changes. You can make a separate heat shield for the Soyuz capsule? P.S. Many thanks for excellent IVA for the Soyuz capsule! This update I waited most
  3. I wrote your nickname with a misprint. I have tried to edit the post. But he just disappeared. Apparently something went wrong.
×
×
  • Create New...