In mid-1984, other progress was being made, with the suborbital testing of a new booster under development by Martin Marietta from Vandenburg Air Force base. After a strong backlash against the use of toxic storable propellants in the wake of the Titan IIIL disaster, research had begun on the use of a new hydrogen/oxygen first stage. This stage was powered by the new RS-25 engine, a design based on old work from the 1970s which was originally done for a planned "space shuttle" concept which was
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