PB666

Yeah its not like a big giant laser would actually harm anyone (speaking from the big underground cave i currently digging for no particular reason)

Join the club, I will throw this one out, quantum entanglement. . . . .ducking and running.

Why did you ask then, call up space X and ask them. Max Q is not a dynamic equilibrium, its a transient state. Maximum pressure is near Mach 1, if you go to the hosted video they call it out at 1250 km/hour, 1235 km/hour is mach 1 at sea level. Max Q occurred at 11.1 km altitude, pressure is about 1/3 ATM. Mach 1 at this altitude varies but it was probably close to -50'C around 1100 meters per second. To give you an idea how fast the rocket was accelerating, between 20:08 to 20:18 in the video it accelerated 250 kph or 25 km/hs = 6.94 +/- 0.3 m/s^2 . That is to say gravity is 9.8m/s, its is surface relative acceleration at 6.94 m/s and on top of that there is drag. After max Q the rocket accelerated as fast as 500 m/s per 6 seconds or 23 m/s during that period it traveled upward 1 km/second. and a the end of the period it was traveling 6025 kph. This contrast to the start of the flight in which it was traveling 200 kph over 20 sec or about 10 km/hs which converts to 2.9 m/s. The stated thrust at liftoff is 6,804,000 N. Thus acceleration should have been 1.16 im guesing at the sampling end it could be 1.23, there for the rockets total weight is 10% lower than the maximum. 594,000 kg x .9 = 535000. Burn time is 162 seconds, though thrust tapers around 2 minutes into flight as total G force (about 1/2 g and acceleration 23 m/s places max acceleration about 3g) Vacuum ISP is 348. Rocket burned 90% of first stage by 2 minutes and 38 seconds. It reached max Q 1 :44. This should give you the information you need to figure it out. Since maximum ISP is 348, and starting thrust is 6804000 and vacuum thrust is 7426000 the launch ISP is 318. At 11,000 meters the ISP should be 338 or so. Now you can calculate, need more help?

at 600000 m/s not only does the laser targeting need to be perfect, but the sail has to be exactly positioned, otherwise game-over. They said the sail could be made from carbon nanotubes or carbon-fiber, flective, nope.

You can calculate it guess at the weight, thats going to approximate the pressure on the nose cone. 1g to fight gravity, 1g to fight drag, 1g to accelerate.

You can't approach the speed of light unless your near the Schwartzfield radius. Even if you come to the hill sphere with near speed of light, because of time dilation and mass increase you would still be very close to that radius. You can see the rebroadcast, I caught only the last 2/3rds of the live cast. The are using carbon nanotubes, photons won't bounce, probably burn up, but you never know what new technology they will employ.

carbon nanotubes 3 atomic layers thick or some mumbo-jumbo like that, thats one of the technical details to be worked out. Apparently if can absorb the light, its going to get freaky hot if its a meter and 300GW is being dissipated over it.

Actually, 9 people responded (1 twice) and 8 people have voted. And early this year I made a poll for a thread about Mars colonies, and that got a lot of replies and votes (Although, that may have been because it was pinned for a month, but still), and I've made several other threads with polls, and those get a decent amount of replies, so it may depend of the content of the post as well. The power of your argument, statistically, is basically random noise. Here is chi-square analysis. Note you cannot perform Fisher Exact test as it is only suitable for 2x2 contingency tables. They recommend you combine groups. Biostatistical analysis (Zar, 3rd edition) says essentially the same thing.

The problem with falling into the black hole is the differential energy remember that work = force * distance. Lets say you have a sun massed black hole 2e30 kg at 3000 meters . the gravity between say 3000 meters and 3002 meters the height of a human standing up is 1.334E20/9000000 is 1.48024E13 - 1.48222E13 = 1.98E10N/kg of mass Lets say a human head weighs a kilogram, and can with pulling lift 2 inches (0.04 meters) then the work exerted would be 800,000,000 joules, that energy would be applied to what every force tried to stop further separation. So yeah a just before you get the black hole your parts would tear apart or burn up (probably both) . Most black holes that we know of are many 1000s times the size of the sun, so that the force generated on entry would be considerable greater. As for the calcualtion it looks like their estimate of 100 GW would be for a sub gram sized object. 60000 g from 100GW would be about a .5 gram target. The amount of total energy would be substantially greater. This makes both an earth and lunar launch considerably more difficult. For the moon it might require 40000 tons of lithium ion batteries, however ISRU could probably make nickle based batteries on site.

I know that, but you could stuff an uninhabited ISS with 400 tons of Li+ batteries, and add a laser array you would have much better tracking. Remember that d = 1/2AT^2 and accuracy is dependent on distance, if you start at 35km away you start with a handicap. Then add to that your laser beams are heating up, going through the atmosphere and sitting on a surface that is moving at 1.6 km per second and changing its theta (0.0042 degrees per second for 100 seconds). If you put the target on the ISS it naturally does not rotate, so its lasers are going to remain fixed on the target if that target is shot just shy of strait out. Tracking becomes 1000 times easier. They said this in the news conference, they are going to have to improve their ability to deal with surface disruptions 1000 times better than current.

http://phys.org/news/2016-04-hot-problem-black-hole-firewalls.html

Has anyone noticed that the more polls that are posted, the number of people that are responding to these polls is declining? How about a poll to see if people are willingly not responding to polls because they are tired, annoyed or otherwise ignore them. I have this plot in my head showing polls from about a year ago are getting 30 to 40 respondents, and now they are down to about 10 to 20. Poll taking statistics are science.

Theoretically speaking the Higgs field may not be the only field occupies empty space. But it is impossible to sort this out since we cannot removed electromagnetism, or even the influences of local space-time itself. Space is never truely empty at the level we can observe, and the level we could observe empty space is too small for our best instruments to observe. Another way of treating the problem is to look at it like this. Once upon a time . . . . . . How do we get to our current state from a starting state based on a singularity. the universe appears to have been bounded in a singularity where the quantum forces of that universe bound it, if such is true then space-time did not exist in any intelligible form, maybe not at all. So now we have space-time, comoving reference frames, black holes, etc. Without space time there is no way to have gravity, thus quantum gravity is the only theoretical force (known force) that can possible bind the singularity together in an unfathomable energetic form. But its now less bound, and has fathomable energy in the form of mass and EM, potential energy. This is an issue some have considered that other things need to be added to the standard model to be allowed to be unbound but have gravity communicate across the distances of the universe, quantum gravity maybe still with us, but the force it transmits is much smaller (or much less frequent). Its not the only problem Thus you need some means, other explanations are things like string theory and 11,13, etc dimensional space. I think what they are trying to argue is that the universe is still strung together, but less cohesively, and it may have been made less cohesive by the pouring of energy into the universe at the end of inflation and subsequently as dark energy. There is an argument that the Higgs and other particles that are similar in action are the reaction of quantum space fracturing into space-time, that the universe had to convert some of its unfathomable energy to Higgs once it fractured as a sort of residual binding or interaction medium. This goes hand in hand with an inflation, which could be thought as quantum space expanding and ultimately failing to remain a quantum state. If this were true then quantum length is quite stretchable with the right kind of energy/state, maybe creation of these Higgs/unknowns allows this. Presumably this is a very low probability event. Which is why I argue that a true reaction-less non-photon emitting drive should loose thrust as it moves away from push off mass. Theoretically it should do this at the distance of 1 atom, but we now see that these quantum fluctuations allow communication across distances a magnitude further away. The universe is still strung together, some aspects like wires (gravity communication), other aspects like local fibers in a viscous fluid (quantum shifts in electron potential about atoms) that is completely transparent to us, but it is much less cohesive than the singularity. We observe things like quantum entanglement (what Einstein euphemistically called spooky interaction at a distance), there is a postulate that quantum gravity may operate in a similar way. So here in lies the problem, if there is a complex fabric to space, then it is unlikely composed of one thing, and all the things would have non-zero energy rest state, because if you tug on them the right way, they will resist. For example, Higgs prevents mass from ever reaching the speed of light and gives mass inertia. The problem with this energy going into the ground state is it does not have to come in packets of 124 GeV, it could be anything, dark energy pouring into our universe, it could be causing rarely quantum fluctuations that are far more extreme than expected. There was another theory reported last year that some of these vacuum space fields might integrate present state (relative comoving velocity, age, etc) that would be like a universal GPS signal but is only randomly accessible through quantum states (sort of like a stretch tensor). Again many hypotheses. I don't know the answer to the question, the problem with theory, as noted with string theory, is that you can ignore Occams razor an come up with really complicated scenarios, but without empirical evidence its pretty much that. I can give you a reasons why other force communicators might exist but proving they have the effect we want to explain a result, thats completely different. But I will note that in or observation process we start with the earth being the center of the universe, In every generation there are people who are sure they got the theory right and say that naysayers are just grasping at artifacts. Kepler and Newton and contemporaries go onto to prove that we clearly are not, Newton replaces with his laws of thermodynamics. But Einstein replaces gravity with space-time and puts in a mass energy conversion, he thoroughly rips omnipotent reference frames and replaces them with relative reference frames. Then this all lasts about a decade and eventually is mostly explained with a quantum mechanical explanation in which relativity breaks down at the small levels (lately have been increasing in size). There is no great reason to believe that this is this is the end of the story, what we have done is created a consistency down to a level of observation much larger than our theory suggests the universe truly functions at, the quantum scale, which for the most part we can interpret effects, and hypothesize consistence behaviors. There are thousands of connotations to quantum mechanics we still have to work through, as a part of that process we might be avoiding inconsistencies for the sake of expediency. There are many more hypotheses that never panned out than there are theories that actually held up to the test of time. The empirical test surprisingly come in strange forms, like the Cannae drive. Yes its pretty much true that things like this are generally the consequence of some overlooked artifact, but on rare occasion (like the double slit experiment) they are not. And so you have to keep testing these things until overlooked artifacts can or cannot explain them.

Both can be true. In fact in the CRS-6 video you look carefully and there is another small plume out to the side, both can be true.

0.2c in 100 seconds, not a day. the G force is 60k that is 600 km/sec^2.

The limit is the wire mass, if the wires and tethers could be made very thin then you coukd reduce the weight of the wire sail and it could accelerate faster. We are talking about needing a coverager of 400 sq. km for a kilogram payload. I dont see this going over 100000 m/s. If you wanted to carry humans we are talking about 10000 times that area or more. On the bright side if you were traveling to ac there is the potency that you could turn the device around and slow down, because now the protons are moving at the wires at 50000000 m/s, they have alot more energy and they will get much closer to the wire allowing more propulsion, problem is that as protons get way out in space they tend to recouple with electrons and chill out. If you could hold the device at mercurial orbit for a year and release it, it could go half solar wind speed, barring my wild experiment with quantum gravity, i don't see this happening. When the fastest thing you have managed to accelerate is 15km/sec at plutos orbit and is basically a fifty year old speed limit, doubling that speed is a significant break through.

its close to m*20 m/s^2 for drag, at peak thrust they were over 3g. The payload had a serious mach shock wave and paased the barrier quite rapidly, indicating it was not waiting around at sub-mach speed for the atmosphere to thin it punched through as soon as it had the verticle velocity.

The lowest energy state for the higgs is space that is not empty, this might be the energetic reasoning for virtual particles and propogation of fields in space might require this. The transfer of momentum across empty space with a field other than light, which produces thrust at 300MW/N defined by the speed of light, such as the movement of electrons between orbits occurs through virtual particles, but up until now these transfer can only occur at distances of less than 10 hydrogen nuclei. At one nano meter this is certainly much greater than Planks length and suggest that quantum distances can be skewed or chained to allow virtual transfers of non light propreties at much greater distances, possibly via the higgs mechanism. We live in a sea of virtual particles, even empty space, without these we would not exist, rhings like bioluminescense, emmision spectrum would not exist. So I don't think we have to have cannae to justify these. But if Cannae was in a chamber and its ende pieces were a meter from the nearest mass and was able to push off of a wall of the chamber then it would be transferring momentum 9 magnitudes further than current quantum mechanics would allow. This is concievably possible if the pure theoretical diastance is 1.35E-35 and the observed limit is 1E-9, 9 additional magnitudes is concievable, but there has to be a special context, this is not happening everywhere or physics would be a mess. The drive does not seem to be especially interesting in what it does, the resonance wave is enclosed in a copper bell. Are the electrons being forced by the drive to swing out the distance of the chamber and push off electrons in the metal? How come the copper end plate does shlield this push off? Is there a special version of higgs that allows this? Anyway, we don't know because inadequate testing has been done, but the force is there, in a vacuum and in air. My prediction is that in space the force will nearly completely disappear, because the distances that virtual particles would have to travel is exceptionally great to find mass to push off of, the drive shouldn't work well.

If two binary star systems were pulled close to a black hole at about the same time the two ejected stars coukd have been coupled graviationally as they exited the black holes hill sphere, just because of random exit velocities. This could happen when two galaxies merge because one holes prograde becomes another retrograde the inertia of each binaries could have first carried the binary system centers across each other, consumed the primary and hurled the secondaries into nearly intersecting paths. While in the Bhs hill sphere their behaviors would be heavily influenced by the holes, however once they are far enough from the hole they would almost solely governed by each others gravity.

I hadn't seen the illustation..of course i caught the conferance while it was under way.

There are two plumes that start shooting axis-up as CRS-6 is tilted around 30 to 45 degrees. Its starts at around 12/13 seconds and lasts until 15/16 seconds in the video.

i calculated the maximum accelertation of a 1 ton craft would be around .001 m/s That is actually pretty good for an solar driven ion drive. When leaving earth if it it is fired retrograde/radial solar relative and then pushes radial it might be able to obtain a venus crossing orbit, it could pick up mercury level protons and use that to push out an extremely elliptical orbit. At mercury it could generate .01 m/s and near periapsis even use oberth in and out of the mercurial orbit. mercury moves at 47.3 km/sec, dropping down to that orbit from 1AU would be i suspect 60 km/sec, ipads are not conducive to doing orbital mechanics, in any case if you can spend 5 days, 438,000 secs, at 0.01 m/s adds 4380 dv on top of this, to increase speed, its possible that adding that would add 20,000 maybe 40000 dv within venus orbits and another 30000 from venus to earth, its not ideal, because you are not at periapsis, but the space craft would be moving at plutos orbit double or triple the voyager speed.

https://www.nasa.gov/centers/marshall/news/news/releases/2016/nasa-begins-testing-of-revolutionary-e-sail-technology.html I estimated this might create a millinewton of thrust, at 1 AU. more at mercury, much less beyond Jupiter. Steering is applied by shifting the voltages of the wires.

yes, already mentioned, problem for sail attachment to payload. Not only structural problems at that force target deviation of lasers results in direction changes with little chance to compensate. Theoretically they can test the payload in a ultracentrifuge, 60000 g at 100 seconds, easy to test, lots of materials survive you think might fial. you can test the tether by hanging a 60 kg load onto the tether or 60000 times what the payload weighs.

Thats a center welded double wide - unwelded double wide bargevtrains are as common a cockroaches in the intercoastal, Typically i never see more than the top 15 feet.