PB666

Yeah, under the employ of who im not sure, thinks its the esa.

http://www.bbc.com/news/live/science-environment-34985274 For the past week or so the Beeb has been smattered with articles about Peake. Curiousity finally got the best of me, it turns out his 15 miuntes of fame is due to the fact that he's the first bonafida English national to go to space. http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-35102247 http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-35090412 http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-35086522 http://www.bbc.com/news/35041726 http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-35091324 http://www.bbc.co.uk/guides/zyfb9qt http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-35086524 http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-34991338 http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-34991336 Yep the Beeb sure knows how to spam news. But you will find a couple nice photos in there of the russian version of the tractor (i.e. train) carrying the space craft to the launchpad.

Just put them in the microwave, they are done when they explode, takes about 25. seconds. lol.

Sprecke deutsch nicht, but that ship has about 10000 times the mass of the heaviest thing we have put in deep space. Things always seem more real when there is a falsetto background singer. Ide settle for this modest sized ship https://www.google.com/search?q=Heart+of+gold+spaceship&rlz=1C9BKJA_enUS620US621&hl=en-US&prmd=ivsn&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjP4a2-t9zJAhVQ1mMKHb2pCZcQ_AUIBygB#imgrc=mVg1X7lNFLMA-M%3A

Im always fascinated with theories that include "A negative mass does not act as you think now", im glad you told me because I thought that negative mass would have training as a shakespearian, but then of course the English are to proper to be negative mass, particularly after the Henry VIIi deal. Then i thought well maybe its from the Bolliwood school, given that gravity is slightly less as you approach the equator, then i thought maybe its from the Vogon school of poetry and acting, thats fairly negative. But even vogon poetry is more palitable than this negative mass act. inertia results from an interaction with the higgs boson, for bosons the particle is its own antiparticle so intearctions are scalar from zero. We tend to think of mass being generated from particle interaction, but most of the energy in an atom comes from bosons, like gluons, w ans z bosons,mand thus these are the primary source of inertial energy. Again bosons are there own antiparticles and so each boson is capable of holding togethr anti and regular matter, as has been recently reaffirmed and reported here. So what can negative mass be? cant be antimatter or matter since these have positive masses, since the normal bosons dont interact neither should a photon. OK you have what i call a non-occamian construct. That is the fabribation of a theory based on no suupport and no reasoning that runs parrallel to something supported by data. I can show you this, Im going to add negative-space time, this includes all three types of mass that you describe but runs from the end of the universe back to the big bang. It begins with a big explosion that causes space to start shinking but when it reaches singularity, everything dissappears. Not non-occamian enough, I can add additional flavors. I am going to create negative vacuum space, this is non-space outside the inflationary bubble which is filled with negative energy, the energy acts to reflect light in such a way as when you approach the boundary, you only see more of the same universe. Eventually i will run out of things to negate, but you get the point.

They are talking about the potential of collecting the very rare He3. Helium-3 is generated when dueterium is bombarded with neutrons and generate tritium which can then naturally decay to helium-3 within a half-life of 12 years, maybe faster at temperatures within the fusion plasma, we actually need to get it working at full power to be certain. Its not much but if you consider for fusion to be useful the scale has to be several times that of ITER and in many places.

BTW the probe is still in earths Gravitational influence, if not L1 would not exist, its just on an escape trajectory, when it gets to L1 the primary graviational will be the sun via a combiation of direct inteactions and indirect interactions, but it will still be heavily influenced by earths gravitational feild, which slows down its orbit around the sun by a few percent.

In a nutshell, yep. Its a great idea if you can get it to work in spades, the problem of course is getting it to work. i look that it has a turbulence problem that cannot be attenuated because of the uncertainty of the physical interactions between astmosphere and craft at the point of deployment.

Thats right, if i am not mistaken the laser/rf generators are tuned to the wobble and excitation frequencies of dueterium and tritium. This means that other elements will tend to escape the plasma beam more rapidly, of course this is a vacuum and they will be in 4000+ kelvin range, but since it is helium it would prolly steal an electron from the metal housing, impart energy, and could be differentially evacuated. So there is a systemic out-selection of non-reactants, these reactants could be pick up by inertial particle diverters along the plane of the torroid, and cooled, generating power while condensing them, rf could be used to direct helium into a concentrated stream that is picked up at 5 microns and pressurized to 10,000 PSI while cooling in a prefilter HP (.0001to 0.000001 m) line in which it is further cooled to the gas liquid transition point for contaminating gases (litium, oxygen, nitrogen, argon, carbon dioxide, water), followed by heliums sublimation point, the remiaing gases can then be reinjected after warming, since they are already presuurized the heating. Another option is to use a gas centrifuge, a third option is to use rf to crudely separate the helium and hydrogen isotopes and just feeding the hydrogen back to the torroid, sell the helium and let the buyer/waste disposal folks worry about separation. A forth option is to allow the hydrogen to react with platinum. A fifth option is to convert hydrogen to water, introducing oxygen to the helium, but which is much more easily removed under pressure. Along this line we also have bromine gas which forms HBr which at stp can be preciptated in any common lab ultralow freezer. A sixth option is to use one of elemental selenium bed made of select isotopes, lots of which have been generated in spent fuel rods to absorb many of the planar nuetrons as well as energized hyodrogen isotopes, allowing the helium to pass through and be evacuated. The neutronated resins can then be recycled removing the reactants for reuse. One of the problems has been with selenium is that is nuclear activity is relatively low, and is pretty much a contanimant in fast breeder reacter schemes. However it lacks prompt critical concerns of other isotopes, its generally not considered dangerous (the nuclear isotopes), so it does have potential in large amounts of being able to create a more massive rtg that last for years, around humans. This might be suitable for powering heating systems at remote locations like Antartica. If you are talking about fusion reactors in space this actually proves useful, for example on Mars, presumb that a colony will need a fusion reactor, the colony might use sealed isotopic selenium beds to ambiently heat greenhouses, or other buildings were you need alot of area, but the surface structures are paper thin. Such a greenhouse would have high pCO2, low pN2, lower pO2 optimized for low pressure and high growth, in order to keep the pH20 high they would need to be heated. Lighting of course would come from diodes.

Another update thread. This one is generally significant because it begins a more risky mission for curiousity. Nasa link: https://www.nasa.gov/feature/jpl/nasa-mars-rover-curiosity-reaches-sand-dunes So from 2012 to present, curiousity has sampled interesting sites close to the lander, then moved in the direction of mount sharp moving through some of the basin formations and up the outcrops that form the visible base of mt Sharp, scaling these formations. The wheels have sufferred considerable damage and the surface rsistance that these wheels give bouyancy is looser substrates. These substrates have now come as the rover attempts to scale the sandy slopes of mount sharp beyond its base layers, i hope it brought a flag with it, if it makes the top the only thing it would leave as a marker is its hulk.

For the pre inflation singularity, time is irrelevant. The fact that spacetime is not resolvable really creates a delimna in understanding the probailities because nothing could be a prestate or everything could be a prestate (for example a collapse of a previous universe to a single point), though now im beginning to doubt that the second is possible given quantum fluctuations and the matter-antimatter imbalance. The problem with quantum vacuum instability is that the nothing state before the temporal amorphous pre-inflation state was almost certainly diiferent than any state approaching empty in the current visible universe. Fields permeate our universe, but how can they propogate before for the initial inflation, there is no precendent. An example of what could happen, supposed that gravity is limited by quantum tunneling, and there is disjoining across extreme distaces that we cannot percieve. Some entangled gravitational interactions would exist between comiving space time moving away frome each other faster than the speed of light, and partcles ejected from the most poweful supernova at opposing ends be traveling away from each other near to spped of light in thier comiving refence frame. Remember that the graviational constant is the constant that shows variation several magnitudes more than the other fundementatal constants, this constant could be locally sensitive to the extremes states we cannot perceive. The pressure to keep quantum entanglement from breaking down could evacuation the center of inflation to a degree that it triggers a subsequent big bang, and this second event could be the cause of the dark energy. Possibilies can exist because the prestate is not defined, this is why its always easier to stop the hypothesis with some line of differential uncertainty, for example at the gravity/ quantum gravity boundary in the unification theory, in this case we can say since quantum gravity has never been proven or defined, then anything that happens before spacetime resolves cannot be defined. This boundary is set in experimental particle physics. The observational boundary is the CNBR, which is likely to give way at some point to the preionization nuetrino boundary. Because of black swan hypothetical perspective i prefer to use the observational over the theoretical implications of experimental particle physics. One of the main problem with pre CNBR modeling is that it is impossible to show that all of the universal constants remain constant, for example that spacetime models can be used at all before the energetic stability (meaning net energy additions have significantly slowed down) in the universe depending on the model. This is rather contentious point for me because the visible universe exhibits euclidian geometry, it is not curved in one direction more so than another and densites of matter relative to distance milky way is most uniform at the extreme distances and to the CMBR. Neither center or edge is deducable, which also means we can only ascert a lower size limit to the universe at inflation, not a upper size limit which sum of mass*c^2 + energy is also undefinable, more so with dark energy. So to the point, sure there could be everything from nothing, but in science we ask for proof. As i state above there are significant uncertainties in modelling the pre CMBR universe, and so any such hypothesis are based on conjecture and should be rejected by referees or redirected to journals of theoretical modelling.

no, i think you are wrong, maybe for the material/engineering scientist. The rest of the nuclear physics nuclear chemistry scientist are waiting for the optimization testing and results tonstart coming in sonthey can write papers. For a publishing scientist these delays are a death trap.

Thats a reference to another active thread in this forum, sorry i didnt make that more clear. Many of us said that the anomoly would have a rational explanation, this however did not stop rampant speculation about alien life. http://forum.kerbalspaceprogram.com/index.php?/topic/123078-astronomers-may-have-found-giant-alien-megastructures-orbiting-a-star-in-the-milky-way/

http://arxiv.org/abs/1405.6091

The is a open thread discussing a large transectional dimunition of dwarf star system with speculation that this is evidence for alien life. The following study finds a similar system with a spiral shaped ring system. http://arxiv.org/pdf/1511.02230v1.pdf http://factor-tech.com/roundup/this-week-super-computers-robot-factories-and-falcon-9-is-blasting-off-again/ What causes asteroid planetoid that has part of its orbit inside the predwarf coronal radius to achieve such an orbit, and then whats there tondisintegrate. The previous given explanation is that during the red giant state friction drags planets into closer obits, with most being destroyed. So now that these are much closer to the gravitational point mass, that inertia differences between the proximal and distal half of the planet finally tear the planet apart. So this is an explanation.

The armstrong limit is an atmospher 1/19th that of MSL. if you consider that the p02 at sea level is around 0.3 ATM and at 1/19th you gave a pilot 100% O2, your pO2 is .05 ATM. The pilot has a more immediate problem, he has about half the 02 he might have standing on the top of mt Everest. How do you get the water to boil, you burner flames out. The other problem that he will find before that limit, the pH20 relatively increases versus p02, so a few thousand feet before reaching hat limit his moisture in the lung is creating a positive pressure preventing inhalation of O2, so in reality not to much higher than Everest you are reaching the suffocation limit. Life as it turns out is not that flexible, might explain why little booblings are not popping up in for group photos in our mars expeditions. Not only does a world have to have an atmosphere, but it has to have enough to keep the partial pressures of critcal gases high enough for life to exist. CO2 is not a critcal gas for anything, except late coming phototrophs, but waters liquid phase is, and its not going to stay liquid long.

I really am getting tired of all the revisionist thinking..... the shuttle was bad (ignoring its successes) expensive, forgetting we spend a gdp 10th relative than on apollo, and a whole lot of stuuf didnt get done because of the shuttle. Its all smoke and mirrors. Meaningless diatribe by people who want to live in a past they wished existed instead of the present reality. The cuurent populace does not really care about science, they care about maximizing thier incomes and paying as little tax as possible, they aren't intelligent enough to understand multiplyer effects or stimili for technological growth, the basic backbone now for all modern society. So what happened is that budgets were cut basically to survival levels and every 4 to 8 years the priorities shift so that some programs get cut. Sure people want the stuff science offers but only if its a one step deal, you put money in and 5 years later you get a result. Its not something they can rationalize that a program, for instance, takes 50years to measure the size of our solar system at its bowshock. They tend to think of science as a product rather than a process. What i am trying to say is can we grow up here and stop finger pointing at programs and missions and just accept the fact that the realtime resource pipeline runs at a trickle, moreso now that russia has slashed its budget (obviously shooting themselves in the foot). Its a real fantasy world to mention in different threads all the proposals that are dead and blame the shuttle for all of these when 800 lb gorilla sets in the house of representaives, and has a temper tantrum everytime there is a continuing resolution. If you think these programs are so great, find 100 billionaires and get them to give money to support the programs. If you cant find people who support these things enough to put thier money out there, then thats the answer. Just think 70 years ago a junky half-crafted off-road vehicle from parts of three auto companies eventually becomes a nameplate still on the road today. Hummer, where did it go? The public they can digest small simple packages, thats were the private companies are. If you want big shuttle like programs the house is going to choke on the public backlash for the spending (shuttle or no shuttle) no matter how many times it multiplies through the economy. Think of it like this, from 1962-69 put man on moon, three different types of rockets, not considering the stages in the moon mission itself. It shouldn't even take a year to have a heavy, manned capable launch platform, if the money is there. The US used to absorb all the cost, now we are spliiting cost with other countries, we have to negotiate and beaurocratize every process now) The situation is actually worse than it looks because Europes economics are not too much better than russia,

What technology, more vapor ware. At best, highly optimistic, we can get a post-jupiter radially velocity of 10^5/s, a lightvyear is 9.5x10^15m, year is 3.2x10^7. This means that optimistically you can travel radially at 3.2x10^12 per annum thats basically 1/3000 of a light year. No energy supply would last more 100 years, no means of creating a radially velocity of 10^6~7 m/s means the mission is not possible.

The laws of physics need not exist before the universe. The only law that appears to have existed at the beginning is quantum gravity, which, problematically we have not show to exist. As one physicist pointed out as energy density goes toward infinity, which theoreticcaly happens when you have a non-massive singularity, there are no known measures to measures that density, temperature, the means of last resort has no meaning, hv as in black body radiation, does not exist. The field propogate rate does not exist distance and anything that is a measure of change of distance per time, because within the sigularity both distance and time are irrelevant. Even Einstiens spacetime is irrelevant. This mess begins to inflate and with the smallest concievable timeframe has extremitities moving faster than the speed of light relative to each other, these spaces can no longer interact except through quantum anomlies. Quantun mechanics allows for these things, but in order for inflation to occur the foundational constant of the universe, planck constant, may not have been then as it is today. Another thing is that given mass energy equivilance energy should not be added to the universe after the singularity resolves, but it appears that energy was created, and with d ark energy this appears to be an ongoing process, its hard to explain unless the laws of physics are not static everywhere at everytime (but as we recall where and when don't matter in singularities) Creation is enigmatic. Its important to point out that CMBR is our earliest known good point. Deionization created our visible universe, something caused deionization and there is lots of speculation about what that was.

So what is this mysterious high voltage? And above 110,000 volts circuit isolation, including in transformers becomes a big expensive problem.

Not a chance, round trip of fourteen years in a spce ship the size of a restroom, you're not going to find alot people with the money to pay, but who are dumb enough not that this would be a prison sentence. They might gift the trip to thier mother in law.

Have you actually calculated peak amperage out put. the particles output is generally associated with a photon, often in the gamma spectrum, absorption energies also include, in simplistic terms, the heat of moving particles. All of this eventually ends up as radiative and convectional heat that ends up as the phase coversion of water. This then goes into a turbine in which a preset rotation results in the specified amperage and voltage, more amprage. Amps and volts produce are run onto a stepup transformer that essentially trades amps for volts for efficient transmission.

Plutos orbital period is 100s of years, if the object has an inclined orbit relative to pluto or neptune, it may only come close enough to pluto or neptune to have an effect. They got to put thier money where there mouth is, if its a planet sized object, its going to have an icy white surface just like pluto has in some of its faces. Therefore we have to expect is has high enough albedo to be seen, if they say it can be predicted then they have to know where to look to find it, so the question is why its still a question, its should be answered.

But at what point does suns gravitatinal pull become trivial gravity decreases with the square of distance and even though the x dimension increase the absolute attraction relatve to relative visible area. IOW, a brick can have an apparent visible size as a grain of sand, if these were two dimensional, the gravity would be the same, however. So here you have an object say a fraction of plutos visible area sitting 10-100 times as far from pluto passing in and out of the suns heliosphere, it moping around in its orbit about the same speed as a 1975 Trabant which has unfortuitously run over bubble gum. Any thing that passes close by is going to jostle it, for example in about 10,000 years from now alpha centuari would like pull it into a different inclination. We missed eris? We missed pluto? we missed neptune? . . . . . . . . . . . . Sure we miss things until they are discovered, but uncertainty principle pertains, you can't define the object until you observe it, black swan statistics apply, there are an infinite number of objects that might exist and certainly there are kbo that exist we are unaware of. But these speculations just feed space fantasies. I would just make the point that an object traveling around the sun at below 50 m/s could be easily induced into an inclination change by passing stars, if such a change was made it would not synchronized with other kbo and the theory that explains other kbo orbits may not be as relevant as some think.

What? either its surface albido is black. Remember that people once believed there was a phantom planet between mercury and venus. What is this fascination with mysterious outer system objects all about, we have like 5 or 6 threads open on 'vapor' astronomy?