Bill Phil

That's not too well understood, though most infants actually not only survive their time as an infant, but also their childhood. And that's an accomplishment. Don't forget that child mortality rates used to be enormous. Every third child or so would die before their fifth birthday, potentially more. And now child mortality just keeps going down, it seems. There are multiple reasons, but one of them is vaccines. According to a source I found: 44% of all the children that died from 2000 to 2013 passed within a month of their life, and more than half of all the children died of infectious diseases. Children are among the most vulnerable to diseases. Some vaccinations they receive when they're young can improve their health over their lifetime and protect them when they're children. Not only that but you can look up vaccination schedules. From what I can find there is no occasion where there is 10+ vaccines applied in one sitting. The most I can find is 6, but that doesn't even have to be one sitting since it's a recommendation that the infant receives the vaccines at 2 months old, and that could be 5 vaccines if they get one of the vaccines at 1 month old. And that's CDC recommended, so if someone is applying 10+ vaccines then that is not required, and not necessary. https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/schedules/hcp/imz/child-adolescent.html https://ourworldindata.org/child-mortality#child-deaths-over-time

Yeah I’m studying aerospace engineering as well.

"Fighter pilots in exile fly over foreign land Let their story be heard, tell of 303rd"

I need to use some airship mods. Maybe build the Pandora and fly around with Nathan Z. Kerman

The skin is actually a pretty good membrane for keeping things in. It'll expand, but it'll keep the contents under pressure. The eyes will certainly be experiencing some serious pain.

I mean, sure, the atmosphere is cold... but there's not much atmosphere to change your temperature that fast. You're dead in minutes, if not faster, so frostbite wouldn't be a thing. Basically the low density of the atmosphere is likely to hamper heat exchange processes, similar to vacuum.

Chebyshev polynomials?

Don't know the version, but it was early 2012.

We already knew about problems in free fall, though. We also know that centrifuges can provide a force very similar to the normal force we experience on Earth - we don’t feel gravity, we feel the normal force. According to relativity the pseudo force that people in accelerating frames experience is practically identical to the force people on Earth feel, though possibly with different magnitudes. Thus there’s reason to believe that a centrifuge can at the very least mitigate these issues if not completely fix them. There are other issues as well such as fluid flow differences in the body where a force like gravity would help tremendously. Not to say I wouldn’t appreciate experiments that test this in space, of course. If I recall the twin experiment did their best to keep almost everything except for the different environment the same, so food is an unlikely culprit. Rotation doesn’t generate gravity, rather it forces objects to follow a curved path by accelerating them, but this acceleration is felt as “gravity.” I don’t think radiation would be that significant. Maybe that’s an aspect for the telomeres, but I’m not sure about cognitive functions.

Would a yoyo despin be a yeet?

Well if I recall telomeres actually lengthen while in space, but then shrink once on Earth, possibly an adaptation to the free fall environment. But that’s just it: all this science is only valid for free fall. If we used rotation to induce pseudo-gravity these issues could be dealt with, potentially completely, and shorter jaunts haven’t been problematic, at least for the hundreds who have been to space.

If I recall tater doesn’t really like man-rating SHLVs anyways...

Most of Falcon Heavy’s up-mass propellant, not payload. It’s currently unproven how much payload it can launch into LEO, depending on limitations of the payload mount, it can be less than Proton.

Probably Skylab.

Single heaviest? If you count the Shuttle Orbiter as payload (and it kind of is...) then the Shuttle Orbiter. Beyond that, probably Skylab. Unless we count propellant, in which case the Saturn V’s S-IVb with Apollo Command and Service Module plus lander. Today? Probably Proton’s max capacity, I think.

Yay Emperor?

You know the ISS flies through the Van Allen belts pretty regularly. Specifically it flies through the South Atlantic Anomaly.

So the LM took about 5 years to really hammer out the design? We have about that much time to develop a new lander, test it, and land it. All with a vastly smaller budget, vastly less capable vehicle, and vastly more energy expensive trajectory. Not likely. I can say that I have project management experience from proposal to project finish. Delays happen. They just do. And with a hard limit like 5 years and a rocket that’s sub-par... it’s really not looking all that doable. Can NASA do it? Probably. But they’d really need a completely different architecture like an electrically delivered lander with an SLS launched crew and both rendezvousing in lunar orbit or at EML-2. Even then they’d need to start developing the lander within this year as well as all the other necessary hardware.

Those are proposals, not designs. So far none have been accepted. Altair is different, but got cancelled. It was also designed for a different LV so...

Just less likely, not impossible.

Of course. It's taken tens of thousands of years to get here. But notice that most of the knowledge we have now was discovered relatively recently. With the invention of the printing press it became possible to mass produce knowledge. Then each generation can build upon the knowledge of the previous generation. This process already existed to an extent but was greatly accelerated by the printing press. A single individual won't come up with modern knowledge. But drop a few tens of thousands in an African savannah and come back a few tens of thousands of years later... and well, you just might get a global species that is still making new discoveries. Well, some evidence suggests that quality of life before the agricultural revolution was actually pretty high. Obviously no air conditioning or anything, but if they had writing systems and tools to write with and all that there's reason to believe they could advance, though probably slowly.

From what I've seen Block 1b is specifically Block 1 with the EUS, and Block 2 is Block 1b with advanced boosters. They may be trying to call it "Block 1b enhanced" since Block 2 is basically dead as of now. I mean they should've never even considered an interim stage to begin with and started with the EUS from the beginning. That's why chucking the ICPS out and focusing on EUS would delay it - they put themselves in a pretty not good situation... And honestly I'd rather wait for SLS to launch in 2023 than see Block 1b never developed (as that may be likely...).

An individual can be highly smart. Groups can be tremendously dumb.

I’m pretty sure a Block 1b with advanced boosters is called Block 2. And the issue with using Block 1 for longer than it was intended means they have to man-rate ICPS. Which adds delays. At that stage it’d be easier to just cut Block 1 and build Block 1b. Honestly I’d’ve preferred a vehicle more akin to the Saturn V, specifically the staging setup. Kerolox first stage, hydrolox second stage, and potentially optional hydrolox third stage. With more efficient engines by a good tens of seconds of ISP and making use of 3d printing, a “modern Saturn V” could’ve been a great vehicle, though it wouldn’t be a Saturn V at all. Of course it would’ve never happened for a variety of reasons. But some issues would be almost nonexistent, like the hydrostatic pressure in the core.