So basically it would work like this. There would be random events at random places in the system. Things like cryovolcanos erupting, solar flares, earth quakes, storms (you don't have to write an entire atmosphere script onto vanilla or anything, just random storms), flooding caused by gravitational events, and whatever else you could think of. You could receive tips of this happening from the tracking station, and record them appropriately. That is, you would get the tip off if it's under the range of an appropriate scanner satellite.
You could try to collect data (for science points too) by watching from orbit, or sending a probe/rover down and watching it. Or if a kerbal is EVA out there watching it, you could actually witness it. Let's be honest, we've all dreamed of something like that. And you run the risk of your kerbal or spacecraft getting destroyed by said event.
Anyone wanna poke holes in this idea? It's probably been suggested before and been shot down but I couldn't find anything.