I am experiencing the same issue, but my screen is almost completly black during this part of the flight. I am also using an all AMD Machine (Ryzen 9 3900x; RX5700XT; 32GB 3600MHz CL16) but I am using Windows 11.
I have discovered that the issue does not occure when setting the cloud quality to LOW. When I had the clouds on HIGH, the issue occured, but disappeared after passing through the clouds. When setting the quality to MEDIUM, the game completly broke, because the artifacts never disappeared, even when going back to the KSC.
As you can see in the screenshot, I went back to the KSC but the black pixels (or in this case the black screen) stayed.