Reported Version: v0.2.1 (latest) | Mods: none | Can replicate without mods? Yes
OS: Windows 11 23H2 | CPU: AMD Ryzen 7 7800X3D | GPU: AMD Radeon 6800 | RAM: 32 GB
I am also affected by this bug.
I first encountered it on the Duna Monument mission: It took me several tries to land near the monument and when I launched again, each time I reached a certain altitude (I suppose when I left the atmosphere) my craft would disappear and the camera would move out, while the altitude readings increased (same as in the videos posted in this thread).
Eventually I used the debug menu to get to orbit and return to Kerbin. But when I tried to launch another craft from Kerbin, the same happened again: After I reached an altitude of a bit over 70 km, the craft disappeared, zoomed out to the end of Kerbins SOI, then snapped back, but was uncontrollably spinning and the parts were also not connected anymore.
After a few more attempts, I realized that this affected every craft and every save in that campaign. It also doesn't make any difference how I launch (normal gravity turn, straight up, going full throttle all the way or coasting past 70 km).
The campaign is not playable like this, because I cannot launch any craft and starting a new campaign doesn't make sense, if the bug could appear again.