Absolutely! I have accidentally hit debris while en route to a solid orbit. I typically launch into the same 0 degree plane every time, so most of my debris is centralized along that plane. While launching an EVE lander the vehicle was struck by a large fuel tank, sadly it destroyed the entire launch vehicle in the blink of an eye. I had to review the crash data meticulously to figure out at the end what actually happened. This is a SUPER rare event though, so I am actually a bit happy that it happened to me.