Green Baron

Rather K2-229b :-) I mean, such things exist. The density is around 9 +/- 2g/cm³ https://www.nature.com/articles/s41550-018-0420-5 Hypothetically, the planet's atmosphere and even part of its mantle may be eroded by stellar winds, alternatively the classic giant impact hypotheses can strip planets of their mantle. What the exact shape of that wind is, idk. That depends on the star its activity, if there is a magnetosphere, interaction between star and planet, flares ... For now, we have no means to measure such interactions directly or indirectly. Cross fingers for bigger telescopes. Edit: searching "modelling stellar winds close planets" brings up a lot of apparently nice links as it may be of interest to the interpretation of absorption spectra from such planets. e.g.: https://files.aas.org/astronomy2015/Presentations/IAUS320_Antoine_Strugarek_Planets.pdf and http://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0004-637X/694/1/205/pdf I just don't have the time right now ...

I once bought an apartment in high tech apartment house. It was under construction at that time. Advertised with high tech geothermal heating, automagic ventilation system, ultra low energy consumption. Situated in a central area of an expensive university town. The construction company went bankrupt when the building was like 80% ready, but tech already was installed. The private bank that financed it had bought all the ready flats out and sold them as high as they could to get away with as much as they could. Lucky a friend of mine worked for the local newspaper and we set up several texts, questioning the honesty and business conduct of the bank and if other projects would go the same way. I then was invited ordered to the ceo of the bank, sitting together with one of his attorneys, i told him we'd stop and write a nice story if they'd agree to sell me one of their prime top under roof flats in exchange for the unfinished one i "owned" + compensation of course, and finish the building as fast as they could, or else they'd have a hard time selling future projects. These guys only think in 2 years terms and money they can generate. 2 weeks later i was owner of a nice apartment in town, a new construction company made their plans for finishing everything, every owner paid a little surcharge for the the finishing and an enthusiastic article celebrated the wise decision of the boss of the financing bank, and btw. in the end, because prices were rising and still are, everyone made a very good slice of money in that. What i want to say: getting them by the money is the best thing one can do if one is in a position to do so.

That's shabby, in times of booming economy ....

One definitely does not need figurines for the table top game. A little imagination, a lot of paper, pencil, rubber, colored pens, dice, and that's it. Main problem was to get >=4 people to play together regularly. For AD&D one needs the dungeon master's guide for the dungeon master as his lecture, not the players' :-) A monster guide might help but isn't necessary either. Players should read the player guide and have a set of dice each. I just see that nothing has changed on that front. Character sheets can be made from plain paper with a little imagination and pens and so on. Anyway it is more fun that way i think. The game lived with a good DM, and i think little has changed on that front as well. Maybe a few sessions and if the DM lacks the necessary imagination or experience one or two ready made adventures. A little practice doesn't hurt until everything runs smooth. Thinks i

They probably were. Anyway primordial atmosphere is a play of thoughts, if i am not mistaken. Which might well be the case :-)

Very early a. is thought having been composed of H2 and He (how comes ? :-)) for a short time, no traces afaik, secondary by outgasing, which added N, yep. http://www.ux1.eiu.edu/~cfjps/1400/atmos_origin.html https://www.nature.com/articles/ngeo2719 and https://www.nature.com/articles/ngeo2271 even connecting N in the atmosphere to plate tectonics. Interesting ... (I have too much time :-))

Question of definitions here maybe. I always have my problems with the term "habitability" because it sounds colourful like in "I'm shopping, darling. Back in an hour !" :-) It is not a term that describes any hard fact and everybody has its own fantasies or imagination connected with it. In a basic sense habitability could just mean "may have liquid water somewhere", but that alone really means nothing at all e.g. if radiation cancels any attempt of chemistry to organize itself. We don't know what the early atmospheres of either earth or mars looked like in detail (CO2, H2O, H2S, these things, maybe thinner, maybe thicker than today). The early atmosphere came from outgasing of the soft and warm upper mantle (which makes it questionable if there were any gases during and directly after formation). The question about life on mars depends on David Bowie the assumption that things there work the same way as on earth. We can ask if there was enough time - let's say ~400my if we take earth's shortest debated path to early life - or if processes of removal were too fast, and we can wait until we get a positive result from exploration. I think we all agree that the conditions may have been conducive for the development of early microbial life, until water and atmosphere were lost (water apparently seemingly maybe partly drawn into the mantle). Anyway, this thread has presented a work that concluded that there is not enough CO2 left to do anything meaningful with it.

It seems i underestimated our possibilities ... :-)

Mars is a deadly place that is impossible to terraform receive enough CO2 for an atmosphere with enough pressure to rise temperature above water freezing. Apart from being poisonous, irradiated, having almost no atmosphere, the fact that CO2 can't be breathed, etc. pp. There is no restaurant, no Supermarket, no Wifi and anyway all the stuff needed to fill these things :-) So far the facts. Well, "was much more habitable" brings up the wrong picture imo, it is supposed having had the preconditions for microbial life in the first few hundred millions of years, similar to those on earth. But not at all "habitable". Anyway, evidence is lacking until now. And then it'll be declared uninhabitable ;-)

It rolls (Edit: seen from the center, for the piece itself that'll be pitch) in the airflow around its longitudinal axis, coiling up the string in alternating directions. Can a hangglider tuck - loosing its stability around the pitch axis, thus being alternately exposed to the airflow; usually destroys the thing because of alternating g-loads - help explaining the rotation ? Yep. There are two from southwestern Germany (Geißenklösterle) dated to 40.000bp, and one disputed from Slovenia, dating 42.000. Anyway it is early Aurignacien. One of the Geißenklösterle ones is made from a humerus of a whooper swan, the Slovenian from a femur of a cave bear (that's why it is disputed, it can't really be played). The other ones have been reconstructed and played. Sounds beautiful. But one should place the bullroarers in a distance from flutes for the palaelolithic symphony orchestra, they are louder ... :-)

Yea, i had the same impression. I once upen a time did a little 6502 assembly. Problem is, nowadays the tutorials all stop when it gets interesting, then there is a gap, and the next thing are the ly-long specifications from Intel or AMD that are as interesting as the Beijing telephone book if you don't know what to look for. Most if not all online books are 32bit and too close to masm or nasm, books on amazon have doubtful reviews and with packt books one can be lucky, but that is not always gueranteed.

"Viel Feind, viel Ehr !" German saying of one of the generals from early modern times when defending his fiefdom. Meaning "The more enemies, the more honor !". On second thought, sounds Klingon as well ... :-) But i am interested, just because hobby. Could you recommend a good book to learn modern 64bit assembler, from ground on ? I mean, not something from a past millennium ? Gnu if possible ?

A semester is long enough to learn C++ good enough to solve almost any problem, even more under instruction and when you've done another language before. Practice is needed, and there is always more than one solution to a problem. And C is much easier than C++, imo. Only one must start somewhere. Demystifying things ;-)

Only remains to say that since C11 strncpy_s offers a more intuitive safe copy method :-) ------------------ I wonder whether @Cheif Operations Director has started and already had his first feeling of achievement or frustration ?

I prepared a setup for our flight through the perseids tonight and tomorrow. But the sky is closing due to heavy calima, Sahara dust in the atmosphere and clouds. View distance is 2-3 km. I doubt i'll see any stars tonight ...

We played AD&D in the ... a loooong time ago :-) I always had to do the Dungeon Master and never really got to playing. I recall ducking behind sheets of tables, rolling dice of all sorts, sending monsters upon them and dealing out treasure, inventing maps, stories and riddles. Which a mostly had to simplify because they were too queer.

Yeah, earth's lower atmosphere is full of microbial life, that is known since the early 19th century. There has been recent work on this as well, including the stratosphere. There is little because big fat inversion below (tropopause, very little exchange), but still some, spit up by volcanoes or maybe lifted by extraordinary well developed frontal systems or storms.

There is no need to shout, we will help if you let us and accept the help. Is was said that C or Python can serve your needs (and of course many others, but these have an overwhelmingly large base). Also, a package with one of the mini computers was suggested for you to begin with. So, why not go out and get one and follow the instructions that come with it ? Or order it somewhere ? When you open your Notebook (Windows or Linux ?): - open Browser - type in the search field "C programming tutorial" - skip over all the c++ stuff for now - choose a tutorial - follow the steps there I cannot recommend an online tutorial for C because i learn better from books. Maybe somebody else can. But i frequently use reference pages to look things up. Also, there are a lot of books on C. Just make sure that it covers the C11 standard. Also, at some point (the earlier, the better) you will need some more info of how to gain control over your operating system. Again i mention here Linux because it is extremely well documented and help is absolutely free. For Python, in principle the same applies.

sortOfPeople = knowsBinary ? 1 : 0; 10b, just because that is a decimal 2 :-)

Hehe. How do you build a skyscraper ? Or cook a 4 course menu ? I'd say, get a computer and install Linux. If it is debian based, install the package "build-essential" and get going. Linux costs nothing, has everything built in including all documentation you want. What's not built in is available from repositories. Choose a tutorial or better get a good book. If C, be sure it covers C11 standard, not some computer folklore :-) Sooner or later you'll have one or two books on the shelf because often times you'll need to look for a specific thing or procedure. Join a programming forum. I assume you will have to start with the basics, command line, editor, environment, invoke the compiler, etc. That'll accompany you all the way, even when you use an IDE. You'll have a lot of fun in this early phase, but it'll take a few days or maybe even weeks until you can oversee the complexity and decide if you like to go on. Otoh, the time is not wasted. Compared to staring at a brick wall ;-) There are 10 sorts of people in the world ...

In order not to chase newbies off ;-), the usual C++ books of which i have 3 here (Stroustroup (11) and two German ones, Breymann (14) and a more modern one (on 17) which i found super) are in that area 1200 -1500 pages (*), with 600-800 500-600 of that the being STL (including all the containers, iterators, etc.). If, like me, you're basically familiar with classic C and know the fundamental concepts of oop, you can do reasonable things like a naive renderer or an interpreter, what OP is planning after a few (not many) months, 2-3 hours practicing every day and additional research/reading on internet or from books. One doesn't need Lambda magic, though it's fun and actually not complicated. Usual classes of a natural language take longer, much longer ;-) And it takes 2-3 years (for me) until one can speak somewhat freely. It definitely takes less time learning any formal language, including C++. Which isn't that hard. My intention is actually not to chase the aspiring guys and girls away, but to get them to do something meaningful that will make them feel like having accomplished something. Starting with something like C++ is probably for most of us too steep a hill, anyway for most APIs you need classic C, much IO is still classic C style and will remain so for the overseeable future. You know i am not a programmer, i just code for fun. We should give others the opportunity to find that fun, too. Especially when they ask. That's why ;-) (*) Edit: which includes some padding with examples and exercises.

In Europe they appear from the mid upper paleolithic on (Solutreen), made from bone the ones that lasted, frequently ornamented. It is a very impressive sound, a deep humming vibration, when 5 or more people let them circle. As to the aerodramatics, idk, They do need a starting impulse, as stated, they rotate, coiling up the string, then change direction when force gets too high, resulting in a swelling and ebbing noise. Apparently they belong to the aerophones, maybe that helps searching more.

We have just demonstrated that whatever tech one uses, melting the icecaps and adding additional reservoirs, even if we had the tech (which we don't) will not be sufficient. It would rise the pressure by 20mbar and the temp by ~10K. I am as sorry as possible.

Suddenly feeling the heavy urge to go kiting ... i'll be back :-)

Hi. True. But i was talking about C as well, not K&R because it is history but C11, prepares better for a future step to C++. 1600 pages, i assume much if not most of it is STL, aren't really much compared to all the stuff of a life natural language. That easily fills a few decimeters on a shelf for grammar, vocabulary, dictionarie, etc. pp. It does for me with my Spanish after having moved. Be it as it may, without some coding knowledge there is no way of accomplishing what OP wants to. I know it looks all so nice and quick on youtube etc. but real life is hard and requires a few months to years of concentration :-)