This was the series of actions:
Had trouble in VAB with items not "snapping."
Thought, "Well, try it without mods." MechJeb is my only mod.
Quit KSP and removed MechJeb from the GameData folder.
Relaunched KSP, and received series of notices saying more or less "[vessel x] not loaded because component missing."
Quit KSP, put MechJeb back into GameData folder.
Relaunched KSP. All vessels that had used MechJeb have vanished, apparently permanently.
Any hope for me? KSP 1.x, Mac, through Steam. Thanks!
[Addition: Looking in my user folder, it looks like my only existing Quicksaves date from before January 4th. I'm not sure, but that could certainly be when I first installed MechJeb.]