Thanks to all the peoples for their suggestions.
@Harry Rhodan: thanks for the pointer; while looking for a solution, I did find that Linux thread, but I failed to notice how it was relevant to my specific issue; never assume anything!
For future record and for anybody else with similar problems, after a few attempts, I found I needed two fixes:
For my ATI, I needed to add -force-gfx-direct to KSP "Properties | Set Launch Options"
For the PulseAudio mess (not KSP fault, but a mess anyway!), among the many solutions proposed in the link suggested by @HebaruSan , I decided for this one (the one with the symlink for libpulse-simple.so.0), which seemed the less intrusive (and it did work!).
Eventually, after the symlinking, the "Set launch options" of my KSP looks like:
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=.:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH %command% -force-gfx-direct
Now, KSP does work! Thanks!
M.
Aside P.S.: The first time it run, KSP started at a resolution of 640 x 480 in which the UI was almost unusable (eventually, I got a better window size by editing settings.cfg). However, before being able to do anything else, I had to accept a dialogue box only a small part of which fitted in the window; I could read nothing meaningful and I could not interact with its controls. As far as I could understand, it has to do with privacy and/or sending home info. Can anybody tell me what I have been kind of forced to accept? Thanks, m.