Right, I understand that part. Maybe I'm not explaining my problem well. Basically I want to use my telescope, that's already in orbit >200000km, to further research already discovered celestial bodies (by pointing the telescope at them and clicking "Track Bodies" a few times) so I can go to them. The contract for this is grayed out because there are two "Unmet" conditions: "The Observatory must be level 1: Unmet" and "There must be Bodies yet to have their research completed that are within range of a Telescope: Unmet." But I definitely do have a level 1 observatory and I haven't completed research on any new bodies, let alone all of them...
I have a bunch of other mods installed, including the New Horizons planet pack, but they all seem to be playing nicely with each other so I'm not sure that this is a mod conflict issue.
EDIT: I tried to recreate the problem in sandbox mode, which didn't entirely work because of the whole no contracts thing, but I did notice something: Once I discovered a body I could start a research plan for it (just like I was able to before) and underneath the button I clicked to start the research plan was another button that allowed me to Research: Aspect. After clicking that a couple of times I could research the orbit and characteristics by clicking another button. Neither of these buttons showed up in my career save. (I also still couldn't use my telescope in sandbox mode to do what clicking the buttons in the observatory did, but that's probably tied to the contracts.)