Thiagobs

Interesting..
There's a known bug with Windows + OpenGL that causes everything in Tracking Station to be offset, leaving a black bar to the left...
Your issue seems just like that, except the bar is colored, like a graphics artifact...
http://forum.kerbalspaceprogram.com/index.php?/topic/124830-bug-in-tracking-station-105/
I've heard (and experienced) that bug on Windows+OpenGL but am yet to see it on Linux (I've installed Linux Mint, to play KSP as well, only 3 days ago)
 
Now, some of the solutions for Win+OpenGL is to doublecheck KSP is running on the same resolution than Windows..
I've noticed that your log says:
Desktop is 1920 x 1080 @ 60 Hz And further down:
requesting resize 1280 x 768 requesting fullscreen 1280 x 768 at 0 Hz Desktop is 1920 x 1080 @ 60 Hz Which hints that KSP is not running on your native resolution... is that deliberate? Can you check the resolution on the settings and, if needed, change it to 1920x1080? That may help...
If that does not help, another solution for Win+OpenGL is to alt+tab the game whenever this glitch happens... when getting back to KSP, the glitch "should" be gone, but your mileage may vary...