via @nyrath
CDF Study Report: Human Missions to Mars - Overall Architecture Assesment
”(It’s not a DRM, we swear)”
Jumping off the 400 pages is the utter Kerbalness of the design. ESA rejected any non-off-the-shelf propulsion systems, and stuck with Vulcains and Russian and Ukranian hypergols.
IN SIX STAGES
Three quad hydrolox stages to escape Earth, two twin stages for Mars insertion, and a small stage for TEI.