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What if you nuked Jupiter?


fenderzilla

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So I have a question. It involves thermonuclear weapons, gas giants, stars, and to some extent terraforming and evil geniuses. So let’s get started.

Thermonuclear warheads are pretty much atomic bombs wrapped in hydrogen. The fission explosion from the atomic bomb releases enough energy to ignite fusion in the hydrogen. The fusion aids the explosion and makes it bigger, but most of the energy comes from the fission bomb (correct me if I’m wrong, but I think that’s the gist of it).

So what that means is that a nuke releases enough energy to ignite hydrogen fusion. Fusing hydrogen releases a lot of energy too. What I’m wondering is if fusing hydrogen releases enough energy to fuse more hydrogen.

For example: if a nuclear warhead were detonated in Jupiter’s lower atmosphere, the bomb would start fusion in the surrounding hydrogen clouds (Jupiter is nearly all hydrogen). I wonder if the fusing hydrogen clouds would then cause the inert hydrogen around them to start fusing, too. If that worked, the fusion would spread through all of Jupiter like fire.

If you nuked Jupiter, would it turn into a star?

I mean, it doesn’t have nearly enough mass to ignite fusion for itself, but if we lit the match, would it burn?

How much energy would it output, since it would be like a sub-sub-brown dwarf? What would that mean for potential terraforming of the Galilean moons? What would that mean for us earthlings? Would the radiation from another star bake us or irradiate us or give us all sunburns?

Well I wanna know.

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Earth's atmosphere has a pretty ample supply of hydrogen. That still wasn't enough for a nuke to bake the whole planet (though there were some who expressed fear of that possibility before the first nuclear test).

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It wouldn't work. Fusion requires the nuclei to be crushed together under immense pressures. In a thermonuclear warhead the fission stage isn't surrounded by hydrogen, it's side-by-side with the fusion stage, and one of the biggest challenges is to contain the immense energy released by the fission bomb in order for the nuclei in the fusion stage to fuse.

The atmosphere of Jupiter is just too rarefied, even in its core, for sustained fusion to be possible.

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I sent something similar this in to xkcd's "what if" section.

Basically it was "what would happen if you added the stoichiometric amount of oxygen to the atmosphere of a gas giant..."

I am guessing a pretty monstrous explosion...

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Why would you want to go round nuking random planets in our solar system?

I suspect the OP's question was somewhat hypothetical, and not a serious suggestion for space policy.

Edited by KasperVld
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Why would you want to go round nuking random planets in our solar system?

Because a small second sun to thaw out the Jovian system would create some very very nice backup earths on Ganymede and Callisto?

Edited by KasperVld
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Because a small second sun to thaw out the Jovian system would create some very very nice backup earths on Ganymede and Callisto?

Just "nuking" it wont work.

It would be a hell of a lot more complicated than that.

Plus a project on a Solar system body that big? It that something we want to play with?

Edited by KasperVld
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Why would you want to go round nuking random planets in our solar system?

Helioforming.

The main obstacle as I think has been said is the pressure required to maintain a fusion reaction. If Jupiter could sustain fusion, it would already be doing so and be a brown dwarf. It's a nice idea, but it won't work as-is. The Mars trilogy had the nice idea of floating 'fusion lanterns' close to the surface that would suck hydrogen in, fuse it in a man-made fusion reactor and dump all the energy as light, making it as 'good as' a star for making the moons more habitable.

Edited by KasperVld
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I don't think it was an entirely unreasonable question. Not everybody has a strong scientific background, and asking questions like this is far better than just assuming whatever you want to believe is correct, and becoming an anti-vaccine advocate or something.

Plus, no matter how stupid a question might be, jumping to the conclusion that someone is American because they asked it says far more about your own prejudices than it does about them.

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Why would you want to go round nuking random planets in our solar system?

You might have missed the what if part. He doesn't want to nuke it, he only wants to know what would happen.

Edited by KasperVld
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It would be a hell of a lot more complicated than that.

And a rocket is a hell of a lot more complicated than a cola bottle with some mentos. But the principle is the exact same: Mass comes out of a nozzle and conservation of momentum dictates the craft moves.

Plus a project on a Solar system body that big? It that something we want to play with?

Why not? There seems to be no nearby intelligent competition, so as far as we can tell the solar system is ours to do with as we please. If we want to turn Jupiter into a second sun and have the resources to do so, why wouldn't we?

Edited by KasperVld
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Why not? If your only argument is "Because I say so!" then you are operating on even less information than the OP is. Mocking people for not knowing things, even if you yourself know barely anything about nuclear physics is the height of arrogance.

Jupiter takes far more energy in through hits from Meteorites that a Nuke will ever do. Plus if I remember it already has its own fission reactions going on at its core. A punny Human nuke will be like a fire cracker.

Why not? There seems to be no nearby intelligent competition, so as far as we can tell the solar system is ours to do with as we please. If we want to turn Jupiter into a second sun and have the resources to do so, why wouldn't we?

Because what if it goes wrong? What could its affects me on earth? We have nearby intelligent competition, they are called humans on earth. Not saying its a bad idea to ignite a second sun but more Data would be needed.

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most of the energy comes from the fission bomb (correct me if I’m wrong, but I think that’s the gist of it).

the fission bomb triggers a fusion reaction in the hydrogen; due to a deliberate lack of containment the fusion reaction essentially goes supernova on a very small scale. Fission warheads alone have never achieved more than 500 kilotons compared to the 50 megatons achieved by fission triggered fusion warheads.

TLDR: Most of the energy comes from the fusion reaction and a thermonuclear weapon is quite literally a second sunrise.

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hydrogen doesn't fuse so well. thats why stars have to be pretty big to ignite. if six teratons of comet fragment impacts cant initiate fusion on jupiter, tsar bomba would not be able to scratch it.

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the fission bomb triggers a fusion reaction in the hydrogen; due to a deliberate lack of containment the fusion reaction essentially goes supernova on a very small scale. Fission warheads alone have never achieved more than 500 kilotons compared to the 50 megatons achieved by fission triggered fusion warheads.

TLDR: Most of the energy comes from the fusion reaction and a thermonuclear weapon is quite literally a second sunrise.

It can actually vary based on the warhead. Some thermonuclear weapons surround the fusion stage with unenriched uranium, which triggers a second round of fission, producing a lot of power (generally a pretty substantial portion of the destructive power of the bomb, for practical weapons; Tsar Bomba derived almost all its energy from fusion, but it wasn't a practical weapon). fenerzilla may also be thinking of boosted fission weapons, which use small amounts of fusion to massively increase fission yield.

Additionally, fusion bombs don't fuse regular hydrogen. They fuse deuterium and tritium, which takes a much, much smaller amount of energy.

Edited by cpast
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Jupiter takes far more energy in through hits from Meteorites that a Nuke will ever do. Plus if I remember it already has its own fission reactions going on at its core. A punny Human nuke will be like a fire cracker.

Because what if it goes wrong? What could its affects me on earth? We have nearby intelligent competition, they are called humans on earth. Not saying its a bad idea to ignite a second sun but more Data would be needed.

That's why it's a hypothetical question, and not a proposal.

Human technology advances by asking "but what if I did that?"

The actual question is about igniting fusion. The nuke is just a proposed option (and has been awnsered to not work)

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Still it I find it curouis one mental attitude if there wondering of "whats if" are about bombing and nuking random stuff.

I find it curious that one would attribute an honest scientific inquiry to mental issues.

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I find it odd people are assuming that fenerzilla is making a serious proposal that we should actually nuke Jupiter, instead of just being curious whether Jupiter could sustain a fusion reaction if one were ignited.

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