The black object with the arrows is affecting my game as well. Distant object enhancement (DOE) has never been installed on this game. After the recent update of kerbinside and kerbal knonstructs, I also had strange object on the opening screen, I think it was a heli pad. Round range was orbiting Kerbin at about 750km. I'm going to downgrade to the previous versions of both. I just wanted to advise that DOE is most likely NOT the culprit. Thanks!
Please also note this object is visible when using hanger extender.