OOM

As a rule, radiators reach a certain critical point when the temperature stops rising. Nuclear reactors themselves (as well as radiators) never explode, they simply stop generating electricity, and the radiator glows at maximum temperature. The exception is the -fusion engine like Deadalus or VISTA, for safe operation they really need a lot of radiators when they are working, otherwise they just explode (but the explosion only happens during operation, and not at rest) You can also easily check all this. Just teleport your ship into orbit (via the cheat menu) - and check all these mechanisms for personal experience. As an example, I take a space power station with a nuclear reactor (and also something like a load like an ion engine or a microwave transmitter) - with good cooling, your radiators will stop accumulating temperature at ~ 1100K

Heat will still be. The question is, did your nuclear plane explode from waste heat? For so much I know a nuclear ramjet as well as NERVA (unlike nuclear reactors for the production of electricity and thermonuclear engines) do not need a "green" 100% cooling. They mainly use regenerative cooling with fuel (hydrogen as NERVA and air as nuclear ramjet) in combination with a small number of radiators. If you use conventional radiators to cool a nuclear ramjet, this is a mistake, they are not effective in the atmosphere and should be replaced with special air heat exchangers. Use a small number of radiators only in the upper atmosphere to remove heat. For the rest, rely on regenerative cooling and heat exchangers.

I think using the mod for pumping resources "TAC Fuel Support" it is possible to fill up absolutely everything with fresh fuel. But for, first of all, a nuclear reactor with a liquid metal coolant should be fed from the built-in stock of enriched uranium and not take fuel from anywhere except a special container with radioactive fuel.

1. Just grab the Liquid Metal Reactor with Uranium already charged. Make sure that the built-in generator is working and not off. 2. Just add radiators. I think this will solve the problem. NERVA, as I recall, it is impossible to refuel. It is a disposable engine. Uranium must be in the reactor itself and not come from other sources. You should have enough base stock for many years. Your ship ... wild))) The liquid metal coolant reactor itself does not need to be installed. An electric generator is already built into it. It remains only to attach enough radiators to remove heat. I also remind you - the interstellar is not compatible with Near Future Propulsion and Electrical. Maybe you have something in conflict with something. 30% efficiency should be enough for 3 MW. Modern reactors operate with such efficiency. I could be wrong, but your ship should not consume more than 300-400 kW of electricity to cool the fuel tanks. So this is not the problem. I think you have critically few radiators.

And today, the exhaust of the Open Cycle Gas Core Engine has been fixed. Now it is no longer like a rotten sausage littered with green bacteria, but a beautiful red-hot hydrogen plasma with radiation from the reactor

In honor of updating the Nuclear Gas Core Open Cycle Engine model, I put together a basic model of a spaceship with this engine. In combination with a good specific impulse and thrust, I think it will be enough for faster flights to Duna \ Eve with a return to Kerbin. It turned out this: Mass: 238 tons (150 tons of fuel) Specific Impulse: 4949s Thrust: 54 kN Delta: ~ 47500 m / s Engine thermal power: 1.3 GW Electric power: 39 MW Fuel Amount: 150 tons of liquid Hydrogen Includes: - A large supply of supplies for TAC LS - Full autonomy (thanks to the supercomputer) - Relative comfort for a crew of 6 people (total up to 12) - The landing module is not designed to work with this ship to reduce weight. He must be ready in advance in the orbit of the target planet - Additional tank with U-233

I do it for conscience. An attempt to reduce the cost of things and reuse is automatically developing. But I’m not going to waste time making money, as if I’m playing some kind of online game where it’s required to either collect in-game money for months or donate

Oh god, what I just read. Everyone wants (absolutely unnecessary) financing. But no one needs more realism ... so much nagging was on the topic, where it was proposed to replace the fuel with realistic analogs (kerosene, hydrogen-methane) ... facepalm

It is very good that they removed the regime in which there was financing. Colonization of outer space is a common cause and the whole world should be engaged in this and not some kind of miserable space program. I play KSP exclusively in the sandbox, where I test various high-tech ships using Interstellar and the Atomic Rocket online magazine. However ... however ... it is better to return the OLD interface and controls. We all got used to it. This is ridiculous

Oh my god. The new version of the open-cycle nuclear engine is simply incredible (although the exhaust color is vile and reminds me of a spoiled sausage) Since KSP2 is postponed until the fall of 2021, I really hope that some other craftsman in creating 3D will give us a new version of "Discovery" and not only

what. Are you by any chance not a doctor of astro-physical and mathematical sciences or a member of NASA?

Yes, now the canonical Daedalus. If I am not mistaken, then Daedalus should have received electricity directly from the synthesis reaction of the engine in order to maintain it in working condition. The old version was more like a “Longshot project” which had a small reactor for producing electricity and powering the engine.

Of course, such huge offers are good, but there is one BUT, namely: In fact, the resources of the developer of this modification are very limited due to the low amount of sponsorship. I do not know why the best things with great potential are most often in the shade, and not under the sun. FreeThinker is a doctor who treats for free according to the oath of Hypocrates. Each minor update for KSP-I is a whole holiday. Not to mention the fact that FreeThinker keeps in touch with people on the forums and helps them fix KSP-I errors. Therefore, most likely, a radical correction of textures and the addition of new engines will take a lot of time. Mainly due to the fact that someone needs to draw the correct textures. All this is not very simple and cannot be done without assistance. For example, recently, some people offered help (KSP-I) by creating a new 3D Z-Pinch texture. And despite this, it requires gradual improvement due to the fact that, in my opinion, the new model has too few polygons. Yes, and it looks kind of damp.

Since KSP 2 was delayed until the fall of 2021, it really makes sense to still wait for the new version of Kopernicus. Therefore, let's be patient and thank the developer again for this wonderful mod without which people literally cannot live. Not many mod creators have made such amazing progress.

You must convert the sketch to PNG and upload it through a special site that creates direct links to images (which you then paste here)

The exhaust of this engine looks as if boron compounds were added to its flame, giving a green color ))) Personally, I liked the old model more because of the presence of many elements and the high complexity of the design. Now NSWR is just like NERVA for a more fantastic design. ps To insert a picture here, you need to find in the network "photo hosting" and download a direct link to the picture. 1. Upload a picture to photo hosting. 2. Insert a direct link here.

Yes, there is not only no optimization, but also many types of rocket engines. We were shown ICF Daedalus, Orion, solid hydrogen rocket engines, magnetic nozzles. But damn ... where's the Z-Pinch? Bassard's engine? VASIMIR engines? Zubrin’s nuclear engine? and this is only a small part of the types of rocket engines. Plus, they didn’t show us a single nuclear \ fusion reactor, which cannot be done without. They are not going to power interstellar ships through solar panels)))

In fact, I hope that the opportunities of 2020 will be used to really optimize the game and use all PC resources (including multi-threaded cores). I can’t even take to create a base on the moon. Because all the necessary things lead to 400-500 parts Of course, I have graphical modifications that additionally cause brakes. But hell, I have an i7-8700, 32 GB of RAM and Vega 64, and the game itself is installed on an SSD. But the game will still slow down with more delatel because it was made in FORGOTTEN 2013. One 50 MW nuclear reactor with all equipment contains about 100 parts. But this is only a reactor, and add here more plants for the production of hydrogen, various all-terrain vehicles for mining, a transport landing module, and in the end the residential bases themselves. The computer will explode.

Kerbal Space Program 2 was delayed until the fall of 2021

This is a side effect due to the Russian client of the game. I did not delve into these speculative engines. Most likely they need simple electricity to work generated using a reactor.

"Interstellar" is a very heavy mod, I would say the heaviest and most realistic of all the mods that have ever existed in KSP. From a certain point of view, it turns KSP into the not yet released KSP2 in the spirit of the Atomic Rocket online magazine, popular among astronomers and astrophysicists, and allows you to create advanced spacecraft using 21st century experimental technologies and even distant speculative technologies like a “quantum reactor” with a black hole " There are many details in fashion, many concepts and game mechanics, it is difficult for a beginner to understand what to do with all this, and this guide should help at least superficially. To get started, go through the "packaging", and then go to the basics of game mechanics. https://forum.kerbalspaceprogram.com/index.php?/topic/172026-142-173-181-191-ksp-interstellar-extended-12515-support-thread/ (!!!) I warn you right away - I do not speak English, and there may be inaccuracies in the translation. Whatever you get confused, you need to note that now electricity is no longer (unit ЕС). Instead, values are used in Watts (kW, MW, GW) 1 unit of electricity is equal to 1 kW That is, 100 units of electricity is 100 kW 0.3 units of electricity - 300 watts 10000 units of electricity - 10 MW To store so much greater supply of electricity, capacitors are now used that have a new resource - Megajoules (necessary for power supply) which are automatically convected from electricity. But there are also advanced lithium batteries whose capacity is measured in kilowatt-hours. Use from now on old batteries makes no sense. Just forget about them. Well, we are starting iHAL and Computer Core Two supercomputers with everything at their disposal to create a fully autonomous ship. IHAL is named after the IHAL9000 supercomputer from the movie "Space Odyssey" and will soon become your favorite for controlling small and medium spaceships. For large ships, I recommend using the "Computer Core" They have all flight instructions and have a built-in gyro. Nuclear rocket engines The thermal energy of the reactor is used to heat the working fluid (hydrogen or atmospheric air) to create rocket thrust. Moreover, the higher the core temperature, the higher the specific impulse. With the exception of napimer nuclear engine Zubrin. He uses a terrifying and terrible nuclear reaction to create a radioactive torch giving traction. Nuclear engines do not need electricity, but starting with the "liquid core" they need additional cooling with radiators. Fusion Rocket Engine These engines use a fusion reaction to produce useful products (heat, plasma, or charged particles), which will then be used to create highly efficient rocket engines. External sources of electricity are needed to support the fusion reaction. Also in the process heat is generated, which must be removed by radiators. Electric rocket engines They use a large amount of electricity and a working fluid (Hydrogen, Argon, Cesium, Sodium, Xenon) to create reactive traction. Nuclear Reactor Nuclear reactors use a nuclear reaction to produce thermal power that can be converted into electricity using a thermoelectric generator or into traction using a thermal nozzle. However, some reactors produce both plasma (gas core) and charged particles (dusty plasma) and they require appropriate suitable equipment to use their fission products. Fusion Reactor The synthesis reactor uses the synthesis reaction to produce heat, plasma, and charged particles. By attaching the appropriate nozzles (thermal, plasma or magnetic), you can get a highly efficient rocket engine. Or use a fusion reactor with a compatible generator to generate electricity. However, fusion reactors need an external power source to support fusion reactions. This may be, for example, a molten salt nuclear reactor. Antimatter Reactor Just power. However, they require antimatter and more radiators to work. Antimatter reactors can be used to produce more electricity or to create highly efficient traction using a compatible nozzle. Nozzle Nozzles do not work on their own. They need a reactor (or thermal receiver for a heat nozzle) to create traction. Connect them directly to a compatible reactor. Electric generators Electric generators as well as nozzles do not work on their own. Connect them directly to the reactor (or thermal receiver for thermoelectric generator) to generate electricity. Microwave transmitters Use "megajoules" to create microwave rays in different ranges over distances. Microwave thermal receivers They receive microwave radiation from microwave transmitters due to which they receive thermal power which can be converted into electricity using a thermoelectric generator. Laser Use "megajoules" to create a laser in different ranges. Fuel Tanks Everything should be clear here - they are used to store various substances. In general, there are 3 states of aggregation in the game: - Liquid (liquid hydrogen, liquid nitrogen, liquid ammonia) - Gas (compressed air, carbon monoxide) - Solids (ore, sodium, cesium, uranium, thorium) Resources such as "anti-matter", "solar wind" and other particles are stored in a special storage. Radiators Titanium or graphene - is used to remove heat, which is actively generated by nuclear reactors and engines ISRU ISRU - used for the collection and processing of initial substances into fuel and other useful products. This is a very complex process, but when used correctly it gives HUGE opportunities that you could only dream of. Parts that cannot be classified will be briefly reviewed separately. Diode Laser Array Uses megajoules to create a laser beam. Used in some laser transmitters in which there is no built-in laser generator. Gyrotron Uses megajoules to create microwave radiation. It is used for some microwave transmitters in which there is no built-in gyrotron. Magnetic Scoop Used to collect substances from the atmosphere, radiation belts and interstellar space. A component of the Bassard interstellar ramjet engine. It requires an insane amount of radiators and a lot of electricity to work. New chemical engines They are not forgotten, without them in any way. Interstellar adds completely new and powerful chemical rocket engines using the most advanced technology. What about hybrid chemical engines running on Aluminum + oxygen and additional additives? they can not be called solid fuel - these 3 engines have the quality of both solid fuel and liquid rocket engines. There are no difficulties in their exploitation, just read the descriptions. Use them, they are very powerful. Deinonych 1st and Rutherford A pair of new advanced liquid engines. The peculiarity is that ... they can use the kerosene-oxygen and hydrogen-oxygen fuel pair and a completely new combination of hydrogen + oxygen + beryllium, that is, it is a three-component liquid rocket engine, the specific impulse of which reaches 540 due to the addition metallic beryllium. All about generators, reactors and how to get electricity. Reactors (nuclear, fusion and antimatter) are used to produce useful products of which there are only 3 types: - Thermal power - Plasma - Charged particles Depending on the need, these products can be converted into electricity using a special electric generator or into highly efficient rocket trust a special nozzle. In contrast, there are 3 type generators for generating electricity from useful products produced by the reactor: Thermal Power Generator Thermal power = electricity Magnetohydrodynamic Electric Generator (MHD) Plasma = Electricity Charged Partlcle Direct Power Converter Charged Particles = Electricity We will use Molten Salt Reactor as an example. This menu in the parts catalog shows basic information about the reactor (we are only interested in compatibility) Blue highlighted compatibility with a specific nozzle for rocket thrust. Red highlighted compatibility with a specific generator to obtain electrical energy. V - compatible X is incompatible (in some reactors there is V 50% ((or any other percentage)), this means partial compatibility, that is, it will work, but with a penalty of 50%) In this case, it is clear that the molten salt reactor generates thermal energy and is compatible with the heat generator and the heat nozzle of the rocket. We connect the reactor to a compatible generator Next, we need to create a cooling system using radiators, otherwise the generator simply will not work. "KSP-I" - heat management assistance menu Add radiators until we get a minimum of 10% efficiency at 100% load. It took radiators ... a lot. Now we go to test the stand and see that the generator is working properly and generates 192 MW of electricity (450 MW of thermal power of the reactor, 50% generator efficiency = 192 MW of electricity) Heat As you can see, the generator has a "Cold" and "Hot" bath. Under load, heat will be generated which reduces the efficiency of the Generator, which leads to a loss of power. For example, take the load in the form of a microwave gear. We see that the radiators are slightly reddened by heat, and the temperature of the cold bath increased from 312K to 789K, which led to a drop in power from 192 MW to 141 MW. This is inevitable, but the throttling stiffness depends on the number of radiators and the quality of cooling. Also, some reactors have a BUILT-in electric generator and cannot be used with an external electric generator to generate electricity or create rocket thrust using a special nozzle. Like Liquid Metal Cooled Reactor. Just attach enough radiators to it and you can produce electricity in one bottle The disadvantage of such reactors with a built-in electric generator is that it cannot be used in any other way than the production of electricity. From this list it is worth noting: - Liquid Metal Cooled Reactor - Tri Alpha Colliding Beam Fusion Reactor - Muon Catalized Fusion Reactor Please, do not try, do not try to connect any external generators or nozzles to them. All of them have a built-in electric generator and cannot be used for other purposes except for the production of electricity. Reactor control Select a reactor from the catalog (in this case, the Molten Salt Reactor demo) and see the sheet Reactor control Select a reactor from the catalog (in this case, the Molten Salt Reactor demo) and see the sheet Swap Fuel - changes the nuclear fuel of the reactor to alternative (if such a function is possible). For example Uranium Tetrafluoride (UF4) on Thorium Tetrafluoride (ThF4) The choice of nuclear fuel determines the power of the reactor as well as the duration of the operation. So, with a load of 13.5%, the reactor on Uranus will work for 40 years and will give out 178 MW of power, while on Torii with the same 13.5% load it will work for 27 years but will give out 246 MW of power. Switch Mode - changes the MODE of the reactor (if such a function is possible). In this case, it is "Uranium Floride" which can be changed to "Uranium Burnup" as more economical, as a result of a drop in power. Reactors also produce waste, and in this case: Helium, Xenon, Antinoids and Tritium. Helium, Xenon and Tritium are gases that can be extracted and used for other purposes. Actinides are harmful, and their accumulation will cause poisoning of the reactor and a drop in power. Fusion spaceship. An example of construction. 1. The basis is the Tokamak version 1.875 with a capacity of 46 MW. In Next Fusion Mode, you can choose the reactor operating mode, I chose “Cold Deuterium-Deuterium”, which produces a lot of bad neutrons, but we don’t care. Directly connect the thermal nozzle to Tokamak (I will choose it, you can choose a plasma nozzle, although the result will be different) We add radiators, condensers, a tank with hydrogen and a small (2 MW) nuclear reactor supplying Tokamak. As you can see, the system gives a thrust of 0.08 kN with a specific impulse of 7000. Little rocket thrust? What do you want from the most realistic mod? everything works as it should. Wireless power transmission, microwaveFirst you need to build a generator station that will transmit microwaves. To do this, you need to connect the transmitter (directly !!!) to the microwave generator, and the gyrotron itself to a pair of generator-reactor for power.Many transmitters have their own built-in microwave generator.This simplifies the design, for example: It remains only to "go out" and press the button "activate transmission" Transmission began in the Ka-band. Now you need to build a receiver object.Here, the thermoelectric generator should not be connected to the reactor, but to the heat receiver, which is heated by the microwave rays transmitted by our station. “Go to the streets” and press the “activate receiver” button The receiver is warm. The generator generates up to 3 GW of electricity.For operation, the receiver must be in the visibility range of the transmitting station. The atmosphere can also block some types of microwave rays. Lasers and laser nozzleKSP-I allows the use of lasers for the movement of solar sails and a special, but very powerful rocket engine - an ablation laser nozzle.First you need to build a laser station according to this scheme: The laser transmitter must be DIRECTLY connected to the diode laser array. Some lasers have an integrated diode laser array, but in our case, the DT-L-IR-1 does not have that luxury. We go outside and press the button "Activate transmitter". Working laser. Now you need to build a receiver with an ablation laser nozzle. Everything is simple, just connect the ablation laser nozzle to the rocket and go to the launch pad.The main thing with ordinary accelerators is to gain a little height so that the rocket is in the field of view of our laser, which is now at the airport. Warning!Everything must be done in strict order.Otherwise, instead of a working engine, you will get a blast.Step 1: After climbing, first activate the receiver. Step 2: Increase the power of the engine not yet turned on by 5-10% Step 3: Turn on the engine. Now adjust the power according to the situation.The laser heats the surface of the engine thereby creating rocket thrust. Nuclear Aircraft and "TORY".TORY is a direct-flow nuclear engine in which air is used as fuel, which passes through the reactor and is heated.With it, you can create an atomic plane that will fly for a very long time.Take for example this ready-made airliner. We are modifying it TORY is a direct-flow jet engine and to start creating traction it needs to be dispersed using conventional engines.Such a cargo nuclear plane can even make jumps into space. ISRU For those who understand at least a little chemistry, this section will not be so difficult. First, consider the Refrigerator The refrigerator allows you to change the state of aggregation of substances (turn liquid into gas and vice versa) In fact, this is a mandatory element for ALL ISRU stations. It is also a required component for a magnetic scoop). To liquefy (or vice versa) substances, you need to move the slider in the right direction. By default, you have "compressed air", outside the assembly shop, just click the "discharge" button to set the desired tank with the desired substance) If you want to start collecting atmosphere you need to go to the menu. Please note that operation requires 20 MW of electricity. In addition, Cryobak, for example, already has a built-in refrigerator that allows you to easily change the state of aggregation of a substance (just remember to attach a gas cylinder with the same substance) ISRU Processor It allows you to process fossil resources extracted with the help of a drill (I think you yourself will figure out how to use a drill, you just took as many storage facilities for fossils as possible, lower the drill and start mining) ISRU Processor offers us processing capabilities (read the descriptions in the game what’s what). To start, just click the "Start" button above the desired process. The ISRU Processor menu allows you to start ocean extraction, regolith processing, and the oxidation of methane to carbon monoxide and hydrogen. ISRU Converter ISRU Converter is a real chemical plant according to its capabilities. It can produce fresh nuclear fuel for the Molten Salit Reactor thanks to the possibility of producing Uranium and Thorium Tetrafluoride. ISRU Converter also offers methods for producing: hydrogen peroxide, ammonia, hydrazine, water gas, methane and nuclear fuel reprocessing. Please note that methane produced for example will be in gaseous form. You will have to liquefy it yourself using a refrigerator ISRU Electrolyzer Allows to destroy some substances. The main function, of course, is the electrolysis of water for the production of oxygen and hydrogen. But, as you can see, there is the possibility of electrolysis and heavy water to produce deuterium, respectively. For mining, I recommend using the "green universal drill" To collect the atmosphere How to get Liquid Hydrogen and Oxygen from water? You'll need: - ISRU Refrigerator - Universal drill - ISRU Electrolyzer with water tank - 2 tanks with Hydrogen (one with liquid, the second with H2 gas) - 2 tanks with Oxygen (one with liquid, the second with O2 gas) 1. First you need to get "water" using a drill, for example from the pole crater of the moon. 2. Use your refrigerator to convert “water” to “liquid water” 3. Start the process "water electrolysis" in the menu "ISRU electrolyzer" 4. Now your gas cylinders will begin to fill with H2 and O2. Use the refrigerator a second time to liquefy Hydrogen and Oxygen to a liquid. Having figured out how this process works, you can synthesize other substances. I will repeat again - "Interstellar" is a very heavy mod. Therefore, nothing prevents to look into the official topic of assistance. Which was created by the developer of the mod. There you will find additional information as well as other people's guides and you can always ask a question.

Now that Skylon is working, a bright future has come)))

Kerbstein's engine is the Fusion engine. And this means that for it to work, first of all, you need the electricity that you will receive using ANY compatible reactor and generator to generate electricity. The more powerful the better. Equally important is the presence of many radiators to prevent throttling (which in any case will take place, but its severity will depend on the quality of cooling). And finally, a large (or not very depending on the requirements) fuel tank with liquid Deuterium.

The eggs hurt after the experiment.

I understood the translation of this work so poorly. So what type of fusion rocket engine is used for Enzmann? Because, judging by the drawings, I see some steel rolled into a nozzle (like a regular chemical liquid engine), but at the same time supporting the Fusion reaction.