'Sentience' is the thing that proves there's a fundamental difference between humans and 'animals' intellectually, not just us being farther ahead on a scale. It's impossible to give a proper definition because it's something that probably doesn't exist, and of which there are only vague guesses on the nature of. There used to be quite 'hard' definitions, e.g. 'can make use of tools, and produce themselves', but they all got scrapped after people pointed out there were 'animals' could do in fact do all of them.