Mars Colonization Discussion Thread

[tater]

23 minutes ago, DAL59 said:

Columbus did not have communication or clean water.  Mars is much harder than anything we've ever done, but remember, we went to the moon with 1960s computers.  We can definitely manage a Mars mission today.    

Not the point. Things go wrong. Mars is much harder than even age of sail exploration of the arctic/antarctic.

[DerekL1963]

3 hours ago, DAL59 said:

but remember, we went to the moon with 1960s computers

Which sounds impressive to gullible - but is largely meaningless.  Going to the Moon (or Mars for that matter) isn't a computationally intensive task.

[kerbiloid]

4 hours ago, DerekL1963 said:

Going to the Moon (or Mars for that matter) isn't a computationally intensive task.

If you agree to manually land between the rocks on the last droplets of fuel, like Apollo.

[PB666]

Mars positioning Satellites . . . . .problem solved.

[Bill Phil]

2 hours ago, kerbiloid said:

If you agree to manually land between the rocks on the last droplets of fuel, like Apollo.

That was only due to poor landing site surveys. The technology of the time prevented accurate surveys like we can perform now. Even then, the computer could perform the landing provided the chosen site was suitable. We would probably need more resolution for any manned effort to Mars, but that can be achieved.

[kerbiloid]

3 hours ago, PB666 said:

Mars positioning Satellites . . . . .problem solved.

 

55 minutes ago, Bill Phil said:

That was only due to poor landing site surveys. The technology of the time prevented accurate surveys like we can perform now. Even then, the computer could perform the landing provided the chosen site was suitable. We would probably need more resolution for any manned effort to Mars, but that can be achieved.

How many kilobytes and kilohertz are inside a simple Arduino device with GPS positioning?

Edited January 30, 2018 by kerbiloid

[Diche Bach]

It is inevitable that more people are going to die out there. It is an incomprehensibly harsh, unforgiving environment.

My point is: plans which err on the side of accepting a higher rate of fatality risk are not only ethically questionable, but practically self-destructive. We all saw how damaging the Challenger and Columbia disasters were to the public perception of manned space flight.

Do it as safely as possible or don't bother. Let the robots take the hard knocks.

We will get there eventually; maybe/probably not in the lifetimes of us older folks, but possibly within the lifetimes of some of you younger folks. Being in a rush to get there, and taking risk-magnifying shortcuts might seem promising but if anything it is likely to cause more long-term delay in manned space flight and more harm to the movement overall.

Edited January 30, 2018 by Diche Bach
url

[tater]

^^^ I'd add a couple things.

One, I don't see a government program involved in "colonization." There is no possible benefit for a government in this endeavor.

Two, this leaves private concerns, but when they fail economically (since there is no remotely plausible economic driver to a Mars colony whatsoever), then what? Do we all just watch them die, or somehow is government then supposed to bail them out, and arrange to bring them home? I say as soon as it's a colony, they are sovereign, and they can die or not die, not our problem.

 

[Diche Bach]

8 minutes ago, tater said:

^^^ I'd add a couple things.

One, I don't see a government program involved in "colonization." There is no possible benefit for a government in this endeavor.

Two, this leaves private concerns, but when they fail economically (since there is no remotely plausible economic driver to a Mars colony whatsoever), then what? Do we all just watch them die, or somehow is government then supposed to bail them out, and arrange to bring them home? I say as soon as it's a colony, they are sovereign, and they can die or not die, not our problem.

 

Cannot argue with that. It is hard to imagine what benefits human presence on Mars would afford, other than science.

From my perspective, the number one reason to aspire to get human beings to Mars is to explore caves. Apart from far more remote locales (moons of the outer planets) those would seem to be the best possible candidates for environments which harbor living exobiology. With underground water, and shielding from radiation, I seems reasonable that some sort of prokaryotic life might have survived in the Martian underworld.

I don't know if robots which could explore caves are even a remote possibility in the next 100 years: I tend to suspect not.

Better plan for long-term human habitation of outer space:

1. Getting a working "permanent" space station going, and one where provisions for agriculture and artificial gravity are a priority, AND with a design that can be extensible indefinitely, i.e., serve as the core of a true space port.

2. Get hold of a useful comet or asteroid and manipulate it so that it can be efficiently harvested for resources to use in industrial endeavours near Earth and/or on Earth. A trickle of rare metals from a mining operation on an asteroid towed into Moon orbit (or something along those lines) could probably pay for itself many times over AND provide materials for springboarding additional orbital/lunar facilities development and research into better tech.

[tater]

^^^ We're entirely on the same page, though extensible forever is not required for a specific rotating space station, you'd just build new ones (hard to extend a rotating station).

I'm all for going to Mars, just because it'd be cool to do so. Colonization is bizarre, IMO, simply because it makes no economic sense, and I can't imagine wanting to move to a wasteland for the rest of my life.

[Diche Bach]

1 hour ago, tater said:

^^^ We're entirely on the same page, though extensible forever is not required for a specific rotating space station, you'd just build new ones (hard to extend a rotating station).

I'm all for going to Mars, just because it'd be cool to do so. Colonization is bizarre, IMO, simply because it makes no economic sense, and I can't imagine wanting to move to a wasteland for the rest of my life.

I would enjoy a discussion along the lines of "what would an ideal techno-evolutionary trajectory for space stations and off-earth ISRUs look like." I kind of hoped my "Prospecting the Solar System" thread would morph to include those sorts of discussions, but it never took off.

I could be completely off-base to imagine that "extensibility" would be a warranted design consideration for a gravity-simulated space station design. But I suspect it should be possible. Observe the one imagined in 2001: Space Odyssey.

The central hub is serving as the rotational axis for TWO rings (one of which is clearly still under construction). Thus: as long as your central hub can be extended in at least one direction, the prospect of extending the station with another ring would seem tenable.

 

Edited January 30, 2018 by Diche Bach
typo

[tater]

The problem is that while rotating, you'd have to do everything in exact balance, or it would be a nightmare. I think that smaller, rotaing habs would be a start, then once the life support, and other stuff was brought up to an off the shelf level, then just jump to a habitat of larger size. (Kalpana 1 sort of thing?).

I somehow missed your old thread, I think.

[DAL59]

4 hours ago, Diche Bach said:

It is inevitable that more people are going to die out there. It is an incomprehensibly harsh, unforgiving environment.

My point is: plans which err on the side of accepting a higher rate of fatality risk are not only ethically questionable, but practically self-destructive. We all saw how damaging the Challenger and Columbia disasters were to the public perception of manned space flight.

Do it as safely as possible or don't bother. Let the robots take the hard knocks.

We will get there eventually; maybe/probably not in the lifetimes of us older folks, but possibly within the lifetimes of some of you younger folks. Being in a rush to get there, and taking risk-magnifying shortcuts might seem promising but if anything it is likely to cause more long-term delay in manned space flight and more harm to the movement overall.

Neither disaster shut down the program though.  The program was only canceled years later due to money and aging hardware.  

[DAL59]

 

[DAL59]

Spoiler

 

Mars Desert Research Station

Mission Summary

Crew 187 – Team Latam II

 

Commander/Astronomer: Cynthia Yacel Fuertes Panizo (Peru)

Executive Officer: Atila Kahlil Meszaros Henostroza (Peru)

Crew Engineer: Luis José Antonio Díaz López (Peru)

GreenHab Officer: Hernán David Mateus Jiménez (Colombia)

Crew Scientist/EVA Officer: Oscar Ivan Ojeda Ramirez (Colombia)

Health and Safety Officer: Danton Iván Bazaldua Morquecho (Mexico)

Journalist: Tania Maria Robles Hernandez (Mexico)

 

Commander’s Statement

 

I had the honor of working with a highly talented crew, not only professionally, but also personally. Our roots come from Peru, Colombia, and Mexico; but in our hearts, we carry the responsibility of representing all of Latin America, which we will always do with our best effort. Each member of the crew was a key to success the mission; their experiences, knowledge in science and engineering, their high commitment to make the simulation as real as possible, his teamwork and constant support were valuable; always following the philosophy of “All for one and one for all!”.

Every day on Mars was a great adventure; we celebrated a Martian birthday, we recharged a diesel tank, we saw the sun, the moon, the constellations, among other wonders of the universe, we were the first explorers of a canyon, and we had the honor that all the crew wishes to have, to give the name to a canyon and a road; in this way El Dorado Canyon and Despacito Road – because you have to go slowly along this road for the safety of each crew member – are now part of the MDRS map. El Dorado was an ancient legend about a city full of gold that challenged every explorer who dared to look for it. For us to call it that reflects the curiosity that awoke in us as new explorers of Mars and the desire to leave in there a Latin American mark.

I feel proud of each member of this crew since at their young age they have achieved great things with that courage and strength that characterizes every Latino. No matter how big the challenge and the obstacles that each one has to overcome, I am sure that with effort, courage, and dedication they will be able to do it; as well as we all defeated together the adversities that they had in our stay in the MDRS. In these fabulous 15 days, each one gained experience, acquired new knowledge, expanded his way of seeing the universe and learned from others. More than being part of a crew, we are part of a family … a Martian family!

The crew 187 is eternally grateful for the support and trust gave by The Mars Society, Dr. Robert Zubrin, Dr. Shannon Ruppert, Mission Support and all the people and institutions that believe in each one of us.

 

Ad Astra,

Cynthia Fuertes Panizo

Commander of the Crew 187 – MDRS

 

Summary of the EVA’s activities

EVAs on Space exploration are not routine, and for sure, in the first stages of Mars exploration, will surely keep that trend. Every EVA is different to the other, not only because the goals change, also because the circumstances change as well. One of the most interesting aspects of the simulation while on MDRS is the possibility to simulate such activities and experience the first two statements firsthand. While most of the crew’s projects were meant to be developed in or close to the habitat and campus, performing EVAs is an extraordinary opportunity to learn and test ourselves in a physical and psychological way. To be able to test our capacity of reaction to the unexpected, to solve problems that arise from thin air, to cope with stress, and to be able to come back home every day, to a cup of warm chocolate, and be ready the next day to go through that again. All that while wearing the space suit simulator, complete with gloves and boots.

Crew 187 performed a total of 15 EVAs, not counting the frequent excursions of our engineer to the generator. Most of our destinations were suggested by Director Shannon, taking us to previously unexplored zones of the MDRS area. Some of the EVAs where more routine, used to cycle the batteries of the rovers, in order to extend their life, 4 of this EVAs were performed. The other EVAs allowed us to test the projects of some of our crewmembers. The general testing was successful, attaining most of the science goals. Also, we were able to explore places that had not been visited before, or in a very long time by previous crews. Most of the activities went without trouble, but it’s important to mention the finding of the cougar prints, as well as the battery drain of Deimos, which led the team to find solutions for taking the vehicle and themselves home.

Oscar Ojeda

EVA Officer

 

Summary of the Greenhab

In the end, the Greenhab was as beautiful as the beginning. During the mission, we had to make some changes in the interior to give more space to the aquaponics and take care of the plants that were in front of the fan that had been damaged. After these modifications, we received a high resistance tarpaulin to place it under the cover and protect the plants that are exposed to solar radiation. During the two weeks, 3 projects were developed in the Greenhab, which involved an assembly of aquaponics, germination of different types of quinoa in two types of soil, one analogous to Mars and another commercial. In addition, we worked on the measurement of evapotranspiration of a quinoa crop in Martian analogous soil, the data that was obtained will be analyzed to give recommendations for the Greenhab and the irrigation process.

 

David Mateus

Greenhab Officer

 

 

Summary of the Operation reports

 

During our stay at the MDRS, the diesel tank was recharged for a total of 300 gallons, which allowed us to feed the electric generator, in charge of supplying power to the Habitat and all the structures of the station. It should be noted that due to the problem of water level control over the bedrooms, we successfully manufactured an alarm with a water level sensor to be alerted at the precise moment in which the key was to be closed.

Also, based on the problem raised with one of the Rovers during a long-term EVA, we implemented a security protocol in which, from now on, it is mandatory to carry a survival kit (food and tools), as well as thick ropes that allow towing a vehicle in the event of a breakdown.

 

Luis Lopez

Crew Engineer

 

 

Final reports of the Projects

 Mobile application as help agent in MDRS

Cynthia Yacel Fuertes Panizo

Systems Engineer. Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería, Lima – Peru

[email protected]

According to Gardner, Android is the Operating System with more users around the world, therefore the apps that I will develop will be for Android. I am working using Unity, Monodevelop, Vuforia, JDK and Android SDK.

During the Sim, I worked doing the app for Musk Observatory. I organize this app into 5 parts: Safety Instructions, Potential Hazards, Hand Control, Alignment, and Focus. When you select the first option, a PDF will be downloaded with the Safety Instructions. In the second case, a pop up will be displayed with the advice of the Potential Hazards. In the third case, it will allow to recognize the Hand Control of the telescope and overlapping it with the main parts of it and when you select it you will be able to know a short concept about each one. For the fourth and fifth case, a PDF will be downloaded for each one. Also, I have the intention of working with the equipment of the science dom. I already collected the information that I need to do it. Moreover, I have the intention to test the final app with future crews.

 

Spreading space issues using a mobile application

Cynthia Yacel Fuertes Panizo

Systems Engineer. Universidad Nacional de Ingeniería, Lima – Peru

[email protected]

During the Sim, I worked collecting the information that I need, like pictures, videos, 3D mapping of some zones that we went and so on. When I come back to Peru, I will start to create the app and in the end, I am planning to test it in a school of a vulnerable area of Peru in order to spread a different kind of topics like MDRS, Mars, Space and so on.

 

 Resistance of Peruvian crops to Mars analog soil

Atila Meszaros

Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima – Perú

[email protected]

Three kinds of quinoa and one of kiwicha were selected to prove their resistance to Mars analog soil and to prove their value for being included in future martian diets. During Sol 7, three replicas and one control were planted. They’ve been watered once a day with 250 mL of water. Till now, the control hasn’t germinated, and we are expecting, even the ones that are planted on the mars analog soil, to start germinating during the next two Sols.

 

 Aquaponics trade-offs and comparison with regular gardening methods on MDRS

Atila Meszaros

Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima – Perú

[email protected]

This project will be developed through the following months and will be taken within the intern program, with the support of the Green Hab Officers of the following crews to keep it running. Initially only the hydroponic functions will be used, and a cost-efficient comparison will be made between the hydroponic system and the regular gardening techniques. During this rotation, the aquaponics system is almost fully set up and we are going to start doing any time soon the leak tests.

 

Design and implementation of a thermoregulatory system for the homologation of the internal temperature in the EVA suits used by the analogous astronauts in the MDRS

Luis José Antonio Díaz López (Cascas, Perú)

Ingeniero Mecatrónico de la Universidad Nacional de Trujillo, Perú

[email protected]

The implementation and testing of the project were successful. Due to the cold, only the heating system was tested, which uses a ceramic resistor commonly used in 3D printer extruders. This resistance is part of the heat exchanger system that transmits, by convection, the heat to water. A water pump is responsible for circulating the thermoregulated liquid inside a bag for blood donation, which is regulated thanks to a temperature differential that takes as reference the external temperature and the temperature inside the suit (specifically in the area where the heart is located). Likewise, the temperature reading is stored in a microSD memory next to the date and time to have a chronological reference of the temperature compensations that the system had to perform.

 

Evapotranspiration on Mars

Hernan David Mateus Jimenez

Mechatronics engineer, student of master of science in systems engineering

Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota Colombia

[email protected]

Evapotranspiration is the physical process that converts the liquid water from a green area in vapor water by the action of both transpiration and evaporation. One way to measure evapotranspiration is using a device named lysimeter that measures the weight of the crop and the weight of leachate continuously.

The lysimeter started to be assembled since the beginning of the simulation but started to take measurements of evapotranspiration on Sol 8, because some pieces had to be repaired and it was necessary to do an EVA to take Martian soil. Also, it was necessary to determine the amount of water to mix with the Martian Soil and get the best texture. The data recollected during the six Soles are going to be analyzed in Colombia in order to get a list of recommendations to improve the use of water in the Greenhab and on the crops that use Martian Soil.

 

 

Positioning system based on star recognition

Hernan David Mateus Jimenez

Mechatronics engineer, student of master of science in systems engineering

Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogota Colombia

[email protected]

In this project, we wanted to prove a software that says what your location is, based on a photo that you take from the sky. This software was developed in python using Opencv library. The objective was to measure the accuracy of the software in order to develop in the future useful positioning systems for night EVAs.

During the simulation we were able to take the enough amount of photos to build a sky map where the descriptor SIFT is going to search the similarities with a taken photo to find your location.

 

Field evaluation of the Cóndor Space Suit Simulator

Oscar I. Ojeda

Universidad Nacional de Colombia

[email protected]

The project aimed to evaluate the performance of the Cóndor Space Suit Simulator, as well as its independent systems. The activities consisted on partaking on EVAs with the suit in different configurations, the EVAs were classified in short, medium, and long range. The systems tested were the complete donning, and the flexible part combined with the Exo suit, available in the MDRS. The EVAs consisted on technical, biological, and geological activities, as well as basic mobility, and vehicle manipulation. Several observations on improvements were made and will be implemented for the next version of the suit. In general, the results were positive, with a high range of movement, combined with enough restriction, to simulate properly a space suit.

 

Testing of a PXCM based wheel for a planetary rover

Oscar I. Ojeda

Universidad Nacional de Colombia

[email protected]

The project aimed to do a basic field test of a 3D printed wheel, aimed for a planetary surface rover. The test made use of a simple automatized rover, which was implemented in the MDRS. The wheel was printed by ITAMCO and designed in Purdue University. The wheels were received in the station and assembled. First, the performance of the rover was observed with traditional commercial wheels, traversing different types of terrain, which is an analog for Mars. Afterwards the wheels were installed in the rover and tested again, over analog terrain. The results observed showed an equivalent performance while assuming terrain. Further laboratory and field testing is suggested to fully characterize the performance of the wheels, however the first testing showed positive results.

 

 

 

Remote sensing in mars analogue surface

Danton Bazaldua1 Walter Calles2

1UNAM, MEXICO 2IPN, MEXICO

[email protected] , [email protected]

 

The DRONE DJI SPARK to mapped 5 km of surface around MDRS to analyze with Cameras and digital processing for 3D in Martian soil. This drone mapped the soil of the MDRS and the habitat during 5 EVA for two weeks which will help to take images at 40 meters of height to be later analyzed by a digital processing in 3D which will help us to better understand the characteristics of the Mars surface as well to follow in automatic pilot the way of astronauts in each expedition after that the Drone analyzed the characteristics of the surface of the MDRS as well as the type of soil and its basic characteristics using Matlab and Pix4D to analyze the images of the Habitat taken by the drone.

 

Remote sensing of vital signs

Danton Bazaldua1 Walter Calles2

1UNAM, MEXICO 2IPN, MEXICO

[email protected], [email protected]

OBJECTIVE: This device was a E.C.G monitor as well as some important aspects like the pressure and the internal humidity of the space suit of MDRS CREW 187, through a system of monitoring focused to the Extra Vehicular Activities (EVA). E.C.G module moreover the body position, galvanic response skin that will transmit the data to the user interface in which are presented in real time to the astronauts in a smart watch or an interface pc. However, the monitor has a problem with the connectivity and was complicated used during EVA but it was used to monitoring before EVA expedition. The medical data has been useful for HSO during the mission to keep the Crew 187 and design protocols to choose the member of each expedition.

 

 

 

Cognitive function dynamics in a martian analogue simulation

Betel Martínez Valdés 1, José Eduardo Reynoso Cruz 1 & José Luis Baroja Manzano 1

1Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Psychology Deparment,

Mexico City

[email protected]

During the two weeks monitored different cognitive abilities fatigue levels in Crew 187 members and it was compared with control group of external participants not related to the Analogue Simulation.

Fourteen adults were part of the study. The groups were paired by the sex, age, lateral dominance and level of studies. The subjects from the support group and the control paired will be chosen voluntarily.

 

Cooperation dynamics in a martian analogue simulation

Betel Martínez Valdés1, Oscar San Pedro Caligua 1

1 Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City

[email protected]

During this experiment analyzed the dynamics of cooperation and working team. Reciprocity between the Analogue Simulation Crew 187 members. The cooperative behavior between crew members during the analogue simulation to Mars was apply a Collective-Risk Social Dilemma in which six astronauts will be players and one coordinator. This task will be applied five times in two weeks this information will help to analyze the status of the cooperation during an analogue mission.

 

Science communication and documentary to space projects of young scientist and professionals in Latin America

Tania Robles

Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City

[email protected]

Latin America is an emerging and growing region in the global aerospace sector. Because of its capabilities to offer development and manufacturing services at low costs, it has been accepted as one of the supplier regions of the most important companies and space agencies.

Despite this, Latin America is an area that has not developed its infrastructure and human resources capacities in the sector. Some of the causes can be the ignorance of the decision makers. For this purpose, an outreach project has been created on the work of young Mexicans and foreigners in the space field, as well as the importance of these issues.

The project consists of documentation of the problems and actions of young students to solve problems of academia and industry.

 

 

Edited February 19, 2018 by DAL59

[DDE]

On 1/30/2018 at 7:08 PM, tater said:

^^^ I'd add a couple things.

One, I don't see a government program involved in "colonization." There is no possible benefit for a government in this endeavor.

Two, this leaves private concerns, but when they fail economically (since there is no remotely plausible economic driver to a Mars colony whatsoever), then what?

Then we’re back to a) Buck Rogers the Government Employee, or b) not going to Mars.

If we drop (b) for the purposes of this thread, the best we can grab onto is that the government does things that are not to its benefit. That’s why it exists in a capitalist free market, to do things that cannot be expected to be done by private companies in an acceptable manner (“Well, why don’t you build your own road?”), usually described in theory as public goods et cetera. To justify Mars settlement, one has to show that there’s a societal greater good even if the endeavour is not financially in the black.

Sadly, I can only see this working out for a flag-and-footprints mission where the public good being delivered is ‘inspiration’.

[YNM]

I'm not sure whether this has been discussed in any of the 22 pages of this thread, or whether it will be soo far off-topic, but,

 

What does planetary protection means for the colonization of other space bodies ? Do we make an effort to keep some bits of Mars as it was, or do we study them before we "kill them" for good ?

[PB666]

Nasa is looking for a planetary protection officer. If you are looking to find out.

 

[tater]

51 minutes ago, YNM said:

I'm not sure whether this has been discussed in any of the 22 pages of this thread, or whether it will be soo far off-topic, but,

 

What does planetary protection means for the colonization of other space bodies ? Do we make an effort to keep some bits of Mars as it was, or do we study them before we "kill them" for good ?

Planetary protection is nil once people are sent. Any such mission involves a non-trivial chance of contamination. Any mission failure on EDL rains biology into Mars. Anything as trivial as a suit puncture is likely worse than what might have survived the vacuum of space stuck on an unmanned craft.

1 hour ago, DDE said:

Then we’re back to a) Buck Rogers the Government Employee, or b) not going to Mars.

If we drop (b) for the purposes of this thread, the best we can grab onto is that the government does things that are not to its benefit. That’s why it exists in a capitalist free market, to do things that cannot be expected to be done by private companies in an acceptable manner (“Well, why don’t you build your own road?”), usually described in theory as public goods et cetera. To justify Mars settlement, one has to show that there’s a societal greater good even if the endeavour is not financially in the black.

Sadly, I can only see this working out for a flag-and-footprints mission where the public good being delivered is ‘inspiration’.

This is a colonization thread, though, not a expedition thread. Colonization means people moving to Mars the way I moved from Connecticut to New Mexico. To live, and have families.

I see no reason why this will ever happen, other than some handful of kooky people that happen to have more money than sense. There is no possible economic driver, it's nothing but a money sink.

[PB666]

14 minutes ago, tater said:

Colonization means people moving to Mars the way I moved from Connecticut to New Mexico.

One step closer to Mars.

[tater]

5 hours ago, PB666 said:

One step closer to Mars.

It's a lot hotter than Mars.

[Green Baron]

7 hours ago, tater said:

I see no reason why this will ever happen, other than some handful of kooky people that happen to have more money than sense. There is no possible economic driver, it's nothing but a money sink.

The only reason why a few will try one day is a visionary chanting "follow the red flag !". They'll die on the way, on impact on the first major equipment failure. The rest summarizes reality quite well imo.

[NSEP]

Hey @DAL59, it would be nice if you put those big report things in a spoiler.

[DDE]

1 hour ago, Green Baron said:

The only reason why a few will try one day is a visionary chanting "follow the red flag !"

[Green Baron]

Exactly, @DDE, nice example for a major failure. But i meant more a Marsian red, just to avoid politics ;-)

Edit: what's written on the poster ? I don't speak Russian ...

Edited February 19, 2018 by Green Baron