magnemoe

Pooop Yes for first moon bases, land custum SS with living area with decks for then you lay it down, hatch to the upper tank, this has steel decks but is more for storage / workshops. At least for a couple, remove engines for reuse have an spare rear dome with an huge hatch you can drive pressurized rovers, even drill rigs and mining equipment into the garage for repairs and maintenance, insulation on outside but this need to be a bit sturdy. Other tanks for fun including the pool You clear area, land SS, dig an trench and lower it into it, then connect to the others also removing engines and other relevant systems. Cover it with regolit. Many cargo SS will get cut up for the steel.

In very large cities it might be an long drive, luckily we don't have huge cities here in Norway. But we have winters with snow who can look pretty but tend to be an pain and is cold.

This, it will come an time then the first flight of an rocket is an test flight like it is for planes. However as you reach orbit its an nice way to space qualify other systems. Note I'm talking about the named rocket not the class.

Its very doable you just need to be pretty causal launching interstellar mission who fit well with an Kardashev 2 civilization. Repeat. https://tangent128.name/depot/toys/freefall/freefall-flytable.html#2997 Obviously Kardashev 3 require faster than light to be an thing, even if you argue earth today is one civilization who has some merit. You have an light speed delay of up to 50.000 years, and you would use millions of years to colonize. You would be multiple species just by genetic drift. Isaac Arthur makes an argument that this is why you don't have interstellar empires you are just creating aliens.

Now you could make an huge park by merging multiple domes. Or build up walls who hold it up. This will work on Mars, On the moon you have radiation and micro meteoroids so you want something more protected as in underground or covered by rocks, water also works and is transparent but is heavy. Weirdly larger domes might be safer as an breach will be far away and its lots of air to get lost so it would had be be one serious breach to not give many minutes to evacuate. You would sleep underground anyway. And the fun factor like water running and an 1/10 g jungle gym would be major selling points but I guess you could build this cheaper in LEO. Now the moon is the genuine and classy thing while the cheap LEO parks are ripoffs.

The main problem is that the observable edge of the universe exist because the part outside it moves faster than light relative to us because the universe expands. More accurate relative velocity at the time from the signal was sent to we received it. Gravity waves can not escape this they will also become longer wavelength as the universe it travel trough expands. Same with particles or spaceships but her velocity goes down. And it might exist ways to generate large gravity waves easier if you can manipulate gravity and can build huge structures in space. And gravity waves are not blocked by much, yes I assume they get distorted by massive objects like light bends but its not blocked. But high frequency electromagnetic waves can have very high frequency so they can handle some red shifting. Gravity waves in the MHz range would be hard at high power levels even if you had gravity generators

Gravity waves still suffer from the 1/Distance^3 weakening of power, we can receive events who is massive like colliding neutron stars. I'm also pretty sure gravitational waves is affected by expanding of the universe. Might even be more affected? Gravity waves is also hard to produce at star level strength, while this is trivial with light or radio.

The Apollo program was also very expensive up to over 4% of federal budget. Main spending was after Kennedy but it was probably planned spending.

Well all the astronauts flying with dragon has experienced the launch. Think peak g would be close to second sage burnout? Braking burn, and even initial landing burn is another thing, 3 engines but no upper state and stage is almost empty and they are not limited by g forces on interstage or payload.

This, pretty perfected mirrored in the clockwork model 150 years ago. Yes Mercury orbit is not accurate and some electrical effects don't make sense but we mostly nailed how the universe work And they mostly did outside of biology and chemistry and obviously quantum.

Day length adds an more serious problem power during the night, on the moon you can just bury an small nuclear reactor and night is shorter. You do power intensive stuff like making fuel during the day. But yes docking airships together is another challenge,

Its an lots of formulas and an model who match observations as we know. The problem is that if something works in math does not make it true. Easiest example is that x=-2 is also true for x in x^2=4. With money is called creative accounting. I say the quantum multiverse is pretty much the same, yes the equations works, but its convoluted and the numbers of new universes would be mindbogglingly large as any quantum event for any particle in the universe would spawn one since just after the big bang.

They have, had no idea

Note that real capsules from Soyuz to Dragon are not on an pure ballistic trajectory like capsules in KSP they have a bit of lift and can adjust trajectory with this. This is also useful returning from places like the moon, this is that the Orion capsule used, idea is that you skip along the upper atmosphere shaving off velocity ending up going higher at the end before you then falls down again as you are slower than orbital velocity. You can get this in KSP too even without any lift.

Question is why? On Mars you can do stuff robots can not practically do like repairs and operate heavier requirements like drill rigs for core samples. And you have resources you can use for the return trip. No I don't think an self sufficient colony on Mars would work but an permanent research base makes sense if transport is cheap enough. On Venus, why not just stay in orbit. Its not like you can even extract fuel to get back into orbit after floating in the atmosphere. The outer solar system makes much more sense.

Don't think its that easy, 1.6 metric tons, length of 2.5 meters, diameter of 40 giving 2 kiloton would be very very interesting for any military, even 200 ton explosive force would be. It would also have very little fallout and don't require plutonium or U235 making it much easier to build once you know the tricks. Makes me wonder could you not use these 2 kt to set off an larger secondary fusion charge? The tzar bomb was supposed to have an extra fusion stage set off by the previous but this was replaced by lead as the plane could not have escaped an 100 megaton blast. Stuff like railguns can also reach much higher speed than high explosives. Plenty of fusion ideas is pulsed who is not an issue, IC engines is pulsed after all.

Agree, an orbital station makes some sense as you can remote control rovers and drones with minimal lightspeed lag. But probably just as well use an Starship or other craft arriving with the probes and return at next window.

This makes little sense, why is mars thicker than earth? Yes gravity is lower so it extend farther and it makes aerobraking easier. Aerobraking into orbit only affect outer atmosphere. Landing on Venus and your probe live an hour if well made. Go other places

281,474 billion years in deep sleep has some issues like the radiation from your own body would kill you. Wonder how many stars it would be left is the second question. its 20.000 times into the future from we are from the big bang.

Agree, an meter is 3 feet, tend to use weird measurements all the time, like the size of your phone or other common objects, length of you arm from elbow to say the thumb join is an good rule of thumb is not having tools. Think the this length to the fingertips was an very common measurement in ancient times, it has the benefit that if your larger you just measure to some finger. In the army the length of our guns to the flash suppressor was 1 meter +- 2-3 mm. who is accurate enough for field work.

Upper atmosphere is not an problem, multi pass would work as on earth I think. Its the hell diving part. So you will release payload before your electronic cooks. Now why would you need an SS size payload, sample return is my only thought. Manned SS in orbit for control, perhaps with an tanker. And the helldiver ship with an blimp with an orbital class rocket you land some rovers picking samples and releasing balloons. UAV from blimp catches the balloon payload. Return an load into rocket, blimp drops all except rocket an then launch it at max elevation. Maned SS pick it up and return. SS v10++

Not sure how an suddenly 20 kg ball of plutonium would work. My guess is an tactical nuke as its way over the 11 kg critical limit. And you are not containing that, nor shielding from it unless you have an almost infinite strength shield, even then you will fall down into the crater. Later a bit like tanks getting targeted by battleship shells or large bombs.

I see some problems with that if laws of physic works as here

You would need to pressurize the tanks more than 6 bar, say one more than outside, but pretty sure it would end up too deep to survive for long. Now it could be relevant as in delivering an large payload deep into the atmosphere there.

Agree, note that supernovas has an danger close distance measured in light years. Second question is why, none of the 3 is rare, hydrogen is most common. Transmutation is an thing its how we make plutonium and other trans uranium elements. But you have other tools like starlifting for more materials then your already Kardashev 2.