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  On 3/13/2025 at 6:19 PM, StrandedonEarth said:

The ones that are only a few km across should probably only be classified as captured asteroids. To be called a moon, it should be big enough to be spherical. IIRC that requires a diameter of about 100km…

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Or we could differentiate major and minor satellites, we already do to an extent but we could create an updated definition similar to how we changed the criteria for planets vs. dwarf planets. I don't see why a satellite needs to be spherical to be considered a moon, that would exclude Phobos and Deimos along with several larger objects, like Proteus or Phoebe. Perhaps major moons could be the ones which dominate the space around a planet (such as the Galilean moons) vs objects which are dominated.

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It is not hoarding if you have a legitimate need.

Those rings are transitory, and Saturn needs those moons to capture and process fresh asteroids to replenish them.

It is probably not reasonable to count the asteroids currently being processed into ring-fodder as moons however.

Edited by Terwin
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  On 3/13/2025 at 7:37 PM, darthgently said:

All I know is that if Pluto can’t be a planet then maybe some rocks orbiting planets shouldn’t be moons.  Fair is fair.  Dwarf moons?

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Fair has nothing to do with it, can't hurt a planets feelings, only peoples. This is merely a matter of arbitrary classification.

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If Pluto  were  a planet, it would be the only planet in the Sol system with a moon whose barycenter was outside the parent body.  So if any moon has a claim on being an unqualified moon it would be Charon.  Or Pluto-Charon is a dwarf planet binary system?   Pluto is a bit of a platypus.

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  On 3/13/2025 at 7:37 PM, darthgently said:

All I know is that if Pluto can’t be a planet then maybe some rocks orbiting planets shouldn’t be moons.  Fair is fair.  Dwarf moons?

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Who is an fair question, Saturn is up to over 100 moons now and it will be many more once we get multiple probes in orbits, stuff down to meter size. 
So it need to be an cutoff size or all the particles in the ring is an moon :)

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  On 3/20/2025 at 9:44 AM, magnemoe said:

Who is an fair question, Saturn is up to over 100 moons now and it will be many more once we get multiple probes in orbits, stuff down to meter size. 
So it need to be an cutoff size or all the particles in the ring is an moon :)

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Some rough criteria:

 Definitely a moon:

Big enough for a crewed lander to land on and enough gravity to drive a manned buggy around on.  This will require crewed missions to many rocks to determine their moon status

 Probably not a moon:

If an astronaut can jump into space from the surface, probably not a moon.  If the rock moves more than the human when jumping into space zero percent chance of moonhood 

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More 'dark energy' weirdness. 

Expansion rate not constant.  Um. Lambda? 

"... data from the powerful Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) add more evidence that the universe’s expansion accelerated faster in the past than it is doing now. DESI’s picture of “dynamical dark energy” will both delight and confound theorists, who have despaired at the lack of clues to dark energy’s physical cause but were not expecting what DESI is now seeing."

https://www.science.org/content/article/mystery-force-behind-universe-s-accelerating-expansion-may-not-be-so-constant-after-all

 

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  On 3/21/2025 at 12:23 AM, JoeSchmuckatelli said:

More 'dark energy' weirdness. 

Expansion rate not constant.  Um. Lambda? 

"... data from the powerful Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) add more evidence that the universe’s expansion accelerated faster in the past than it is doing now. DESI’s picture of “dynamical dark energy” will both delight and confound theorists, who have despaired at the lack of clues to dark energy’s physical cause but were not expecting what DESI is now seeing."

https://www.science.org/content/article/mystery-force-behind-universe-s-accelerating-expansion-may-not-be-so-constant-after-all

 

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The angle that apparent expansion acceleration is caused by gravity induced time dilation that came up lately makes intuitive sense.  It would certainly vary as mass distribution altered over time.  Basically, as I understand it, time goes faster in emptier space so there is more expansion there.  Not saying I truly understand it though

Edited by darthgently
Corrected expansion to apparent expansion acceleration
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https://www.universetoday.com/articles/the-worlds-oldest-impact-crater-has-been-found-in-australia

3.5 billion years ago; the Earth was barely a billion years old then, with a reducing atmosphere, and any life was aerobic. The reason it was searched for is as interesting: to find evidence for a theory that early impacts literally drove plate tectonics and made the starts of continents, maybe even extra heat for life.

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PV Magazine is the last place I expected to find a discussion of a Dyson Sphere, but a German photovoltaic researcher studied a theoretical Dyson sphere made of nothing but PV cells by treating it as a "grey body" and came up with some unusual numbers. As Randall Munroe has said, one of the fun things about mathematics is that you can make the numbers bigger and no-one can stop you. tl;dr full coverage would become too damn hot for the PV (and for the Earth) to work at 1 AU, so you have to build smaller, and further out, and the numbers are still ridiculous:

  Quote

[A] partial Dyson Sphere with a 2.13 AU radius, on which solar cells cover 22% of the sphere’s surface, would require 1.3 × 1023 kg of silicon. This partial sphere would raise Earth's temperature by less than 3K. Obtaining this amount of material, roughly the estimated silicon content of Mars, would still require planetary-scale mining but is at least within the realm of possibility using resources from terrestrial planets. If this Dyson Sphere operated at 85% of its theoretical efficiency limit, it could convert 4% of the sun's 3.9 × 1026 W luminosity into electricity, generating 15.6 YW. This would be enough energy to power interstellar spaceflight, providing the energy to accelerate a 1000-ton mass to 0.9c in just 7.5 ms. Additionally, the Dyson Sphere would produce far more energy than needed for terraforming projects. The energy required to vapourise Mars' CO2 polar cap (120–1000 MW-years or 1.1–8.8 TWh) would be generated in just 0.25–2 ns.

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I have not seen an article that sounded so much like technobabble before. It isn't, though. What it is is almost as unbelievable: a circuit using magnetic quasiparticles inside artificial garnet and formed by the amazingly-named "omega grid", and a genetic algorithm to inverse-design backwards from whatever component they want this circuit to simulate being.

https://spectrum.ieee.org/custom-electronics-with-magnons

So far they've had it act like a notch filter and a demultiplexer, but it could theoretically act like any component, and the current micro-scale circuit can store each configuration (in a separate personal computer) and switch between them in less than a second.

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Not sure if a full black swan, but this will disrupt the compute and related markets like a benestrophic earthquake if it pans out.  Catastrophic for some players certainly

 

  On 3/28/2025 at 2:13 PM, AckSed said:

I have not seen an article that sounded so much like technobabble before. It isn't, though. What it is is almost as unbelievable: a circuit using magnetic quasiparticles inside artificial garnet and formed by the amazingly-named "omega grid", and a genetic algorithm to inverse-design backwards from whatever component they want this circuit to simulate being.

https://spectrum.ieee.org/custom-electronics-with-magnons

So far they've had it act like a notch filter and a demultiplexer, but it could theoretically act like any component, and the current micro-scale circuit can store each configuration (in a separate personal computer) and switch between them in less than a second.

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Wow.  It’s like the Moteys from Niven’s and Pournelle’s The Mote in God’s Eye made chips in their own image

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